基于生命周期评价的氢能重卡排放分析

Emission Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Heavy-duty Vehicles Based on Life Cycle Assessment

为分析在我国现有能源结构下发展氢燃料电池重卡相比传统能源重卡有何优势,本文基于生命周期评价方法,利用美国阿贡国家实验室研发的GREET(Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation)模型,采用控制变量法对比分析煤制氢和可再生能源制氢路径下的氢燃料电池重卡和柴油重卡的全生命周期空气污染物气体排放情况,并对可能影响车辆排放的因素进行敏感性分析,最后以榆林市重卡车队为例进行车队替换模型分析。模拟结果表明:采用可再生能源制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡相比柴油重卡平均减少了68.74%的各类空气污染物排放;采用煤制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡在CO、NO_(x)和CO_(2)这3种气体的排放水平均低于柴油重卡;可再生能源发电制氢比普通电解制氢平均减少氢燃料电池重卡92.41%的空气污染物排放;长途氢燃料电池重卡比短途氢燃料电池重卡减少12.57%的空气污染物排放;采取氢燃料电池重卡替换柴油重卡的策略预计到2030年能减少13.77%的车队整体空气污染物排放。本文在公路运输范畴内对氢能重卡的空气污染物排放水平进行分析,为后续氢能重卡的推广提供依据。

To analyze the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles(FCHDVs)compared to conventional energy heavy-duty vehicles under China's current energy structure,this study employed the life cycle assessment method and the GREET model developed by the Argonne National Laboratory.A controlled variable method was used to compare the full life cycle air pollutant emissions of FCHDVs and diesel heavy-duty vehicles under the coal-to-hydrogen and renewable energy-to-hydrogen pathways.A sensitivity analysis was conducted on factors affecting vehicle emissions.Finally,a fleet replacement model analysis was performed using the heavy-duty vehicle fleet in Yulin City as a case study.Simulation results indicate that FCHDVs using the renewable energy-to-hydrogen pathway reduce various air pollutant emissions by an average of 68.74%compared to diesel heavy-duty vehicles.FCHDVs using the coal-to-hydrogen pathway emit lower levels of CO,NO_(x) and CO_(2) gases on average than diesel heavy-duty vehicles.Hydrogen production from renewable energy generation reduces air pollutant emissions from hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles by an average of 92.41%compared to ordinary electrolysis hydrogen production.Long-haul FCHDVs reduce air pollutant emissions by 12.57%compared to short-haul FCHDVs.Replacing diesel heavy-duty vehicles with FCHDVs is expected to reduce the overall fleet's air pollutant emissions by 13.77%by 2030.This paper analyzes the emission levels of air pollutants from FCHDVs in the context of road transportation and provides a basis for the subsequent promotion of FCHDVs.