种肥混播对夏玉米产量、酶活性和土壤微生物的影响

Effects of mixed sowing of seed and fertilizer on yield,enzyme activity,and soil microorganisms of summer maize

探索夏玉米种子与控释肥混播对夏玉米产量、氮磷钾养分吸收、施肥经济效益、酶活性及土壤微生物的影响,为夏玉米轻简化生产和化肥减施增效提供技术支撑。以夏玉米品种‘郑单958’为材料进行了大田试验,试验设不施氮对照、常规施肥、种子控释肥混播和氮磷钾减量50%控释肥种子混播共4个处理,分析调查了夏玉米产量、氮磷钾吸收、叶片酶活性及根际土壤微生物功能基因。与常规施肥相比,2个控释肥处理的夏玉米产量增加7.7%~22.1%,夏玉米氮、磷、钾吸收量分别增加0.75%~33.3%、16.3%~27.1%、4.78%~36.5%,氮肥吸收利用率提高20.7%~24.6%,氮肥偏生产力提高14~74.1 kg/kg,氮肥农学利用率提高14.1~20.2 kg/kg,夏玉米每公顷净收益(扣除肥料投入)比常规施肥增加9.67%~19.6%。吐丝期根际土壤硝化和反硝化微生物基因数、叶片硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶与常规施肥没有显著差异。种肥混播在夏玉米上实现了增产增收,提高了氮磷钾养分吸收量和氮肥利用效率,降低了环境污染风险。

The effects of mixed sowing of summer maize seeds and controlled release fertilizers on summer maize yield,nutrition absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,economic benefits of fertilization,enzyme activity and soil microorganisms were explored to provide technical support for labor-saving and simplified production of summer maize and reduce fertilizer application and increase the efficiency.A field experiment was conducted with summer maize variety‘Zhengdan 958’.The experiment included four treatments:no nitrogen control,conventional fertilizer application,mixed sowing of seeds and controlled release fertilizers,and mixed sowing of seeds and controlled release fertilizers with 50%rate reduction of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The yield,nutrition absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,leaf enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil microbial function genes of summer maize were investigated.Compared with conventional fertilizer application,summer maize yield of RCF and RCF50 treatment was increased by 7.7%-22.1%,The absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by summer maize were increased by 0.75%-33.3%,16.3%-27.1%and 4.78%-36.5%,respectively.The nitrogen recovery efficiency,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity were increased by 20.7%-24.6%,14.1-20.2 kg/kg and 14-74.1 kg/kg,respectively.And the net income per hectare of summer maize(excluding fertilizer input)was increased by 9.67%-19.6%compared to conventional fertilizer application,there was no significant difference of the gene number of nitrification and denitrification microorganisms in rhizosphere soil,nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,glutamic acid synthase,and glutamate dehydrogenase in leaves at silking stage.The contact application of controlled release fertilizer with summer maize seed achieved yield increase and income increase,improved nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient absorption and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,and reduced environmental pollution risks.