贝莱斯芽孢杆菌QL-2对连作花生土壤肥力和微生物群落的影响

Effects of Bacillus velezensis QL-2 on soil fertility and microbial community of continuous cropping peanut

花生是我国重要的油料经济作物,栽种面积大,年产量高。为缓解连年种植花生导致土壤连作障碍对花生生长以及土壤环境的有害影响,将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)QL-2微生物菌剂与普通基肥相结合施撒,评价了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌QL-2对花生生长、土壤肥力、酶活性和微生物群落的影响。结果表明:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌QL-2促进了花生的生长,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量分别提高了43.24%、19.01%、19.29%,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性分别提高了18.42%、120.59%、10.55%、38.37%。此外,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌QL-2影响了土壤微生物群落的组成,对土壤有益微生物如芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)、褚氏杆菌(Chujaibacter)的富集,对土壤有害微生物如曲霉菌(Aspergillus)、子囊菌(Ascomycota)丰度的降低有着一定的作用。该结果表明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌QL-2能促进花生生长、改善土壤肥力、驱动有益微生物聚集并且缓解了花生土壤连作障碍问题,为花生的绿色生态种植策略提供了理论基础和技术支持。

Peanut is an important oil crop in China,with large planting area and high annual output.In order to alleviate the harmful effects of continuous cropping obstacles on peanut growth and soil environment caused by continuous planting of peanuts,the effects of Bacillus velezensis QL-2 on peanut growth,soil fertility,enzyme activity and microbial community were evaluated by combining Bacillus velezensis QL-2 microbial agent with common base fertilizer.The results showed that Bacillus velezensis QL-2 promoted the growth of peanut.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil increased by 43.24%,19.01%and 19.29%,respectively.The activities of soil urease,sucrase,protease and acid phosphatase in soil increased by 18.42%,120.59%,10.55%and 38.37%,respectively.In addition,Bacillus velezensis QL-2 affected the composition of soil microbial community,enriched soil beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus,Sphingomonas,and Chujaibacter,and reduced the abundance of soil harmful microorganisms such as Aspergillus and Ascomycota.The results showed that Bacillus velezensis QL-2 could promote the growth of peanut,improve soil fertility,drive the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms and alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in peanut soil,which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the green ecological planting strategy of peanut.