播量和行距对箭筈豌豆农艺结实性状及产量的影响

Effects of different sowing rates and row spacings on agronomic traits,seed setting traits and yield of Vicia sativa

为了探讨豫南本地箭筈豌豆条播种植适宜播量和行距,采用双因素试验设计,分别设3个播量水平和4个行距水平,研究不同播量和行距配置对箭筈豌豆生长发育、鲜草、秸秆及种子产量结实的影响,为完善箭筈豌豆实际生产中的高产栽培技术提供科学理论指导。结果显示,播量一定时,株高、单株鲜干重随行距的增加呈现先增加后减少趋势,且在行距30、40 cm时获得最大值;茎粗和分枝数随行距的增加呈逐渐减少趋势,均在行距20 cm时获得最大值。行距一定时,株高、SPAD值随播量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势;茎粗、分枝数随播量的增加呈逐渐减少趋势。筛选出结实性播量行距最佳配置为:播量18.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm,播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm。不同播量和行距处理下箭筈豌豆种子、鲜草和秸秆产量差异显著(P<0.05)。种子产量以播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm最高,达3753 kg/hm^(2);播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm次之,产量分别达3468和3436 kg/hm^(2)。鲜草和秸秆产量均以播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距20 cm最高,达35910和16878 kg/hm^(2);播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距30 cm和播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)、行距40 cm次之,产量分别达26761和13052、23662和12127 kg/hm^(2)。综上,以收获鲜草和秸秆产量为目的,优选播量33.75 kg/hm^(2)和行距20 cm组合配置;收获种子产量优选播量26.25 kg/hm^(2)和行距30 cm组合配置。

In order to clarify the optimal sowing amount and row spacing for the local Vicia sativa line planting in the south of Henan Province,a two-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of different sowing rates and row spacings on the growth and development,fresh grass,straw and seed yield of Vicia sativa.Three sowing rates and four row spacing levels were set up respectively,so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance for improving the high-yield cultivation technology of Vicia sativa in actual production.The results showed that when the sowing rate was constant,the plant height,fresh and dry weight per plant showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of row spacing,and the maximum value was obtained when the row spacing was 30 or 40 cm;The stem diameter and branching number showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of row spacing,and both reached the maximum value at 20 cm row spacing.When the row spacing was constant,plant height and SPAD value increased gradually with the increase of sowing rates;Stem diameter and branching number decreased gradually with the increase of sowing rates.The optimal row spacing for seed setting traits were sowing rate 18.75 kg/hm^(2) with 30 cm row spacing,sowing rate 26.25 kg/hm^(2) with 30 cm row spacing and sowing rate 33.75 kg/hm^(2) with 40 cm row spacing.The yield of seed,grass and straw of Vicia sativa under different sowing rates and row spacings was significantly different(P<0.05).The highest seed yield was 3753 kg/hm^(2) with sowing rate of 26.25 kg/hm^(2) and row spacing of 30 cm,the yields were 3468 and 3436 kg/hm^(2) followed with sowing rate of 33.75 kg/hm^(2) row spacing with 40 and 30 cm respectively.The highest yield of grass and straw was 35910 and 16878 kg/hm^(2),respectively,with sowing rate of 33.75 kg/hm^(2) and row spacing of 20 cm,followed by sowing rate of 33.75 kg/hm^(2) with 30 cm row spacing of and sowing rate of 33.75 kg/hm^(2) with 40 cm row spacing.The yield was 26761 and 13052,23662 and 12127 kg/hm^(2),respectively.To sum up,in order to harvest the yield of grass and straw,the optimal sowing rate was 33.75 kg/hm^(2) with 20 cm row spacing,the sowing rate of 26.25 kg/hm^(2) with 30 cm row spacing was optimal selected for the harvested seed yield.