二战前宪法学中的双重法律概念与法治行政

Double Concepts of Law and Rule of Law Administration in Pre-World War Ⅱ Constitutional Studies

法律的概念、依法律行政原理是立宪主义国家的基石。日本虽然继受了德国的立宪主义学说,但关于该基础性概念和原理的内容却未形成通说。为探究其原因,本文梳理了二战前后德国和日本宪法学界六位代表性学者对形式性与实质性法律概念的各自解读,以及它们对解释依法律行政、法律保留原则的内容、功能产生的不同影响,从而提示了对法律概念、法律保留原则新的理解思路,并以此说明任何理论都是历史的产物,服务于不同时期的宪政体制与不同学者的立宪主张。而不断发展变化的社会现实需要才是推动制度建构与理论发展的内在动力。

The concept of law and the principle of law-based administration are the cornerstones of constitutional countries.Although Japan has followed German constitutional doctrine,there is no consensus on the content of this basic concept and principle.In order to explore the reasons,this paper sorts out the respective interpretations of the concepts of formal law and substantive law by six representative scholars in German and Japanese constitutional circles around World War Ⅱ,and their different influences on explaining the contents and functions of the principles of law-based administration and legal reservation.Moreover,this paper promotes a new understanding of the concept of law and reservation of law,indicating that any theory is the product of history and serves the constitutional system in different periods and the constitutional propositions of different scholars.The ever-changing social needs in reality are the internal driving force for institutional construction and theoretical development.