不同水稻品种和施锌方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响

Effects of Different Rice Varieties and Zinc Application Methods on Rice Yield and Grain Zinc Availability

【目的】明确不同水稻品种对锌肥的响应效果以及锌肥不同施用方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响差异。【方法】分别于2019和2020年进行田间试验。具体如下:2019年开展第1个田间试验,旨在探究不同水稻品种对施用锌肥的响应效果。选取了虾稻一号、虾稻二号、润香玉和隆两优3463等4个水稻品种,设置不施锌(CK)和施锌(+Zn)两个处理,以探究不同水稻品种对施用锌肥响应效果的差异。2020年开展第2个田间试验,旨在探究锌肥不同施用方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响。在2019年试验基础上,选择虾稻一号和隆两优3463两个产量较高的水稻品种继续开展后续研究,设置不施锌(S0F0)、土壤施锌15 kg·hm^(-2)(S1F0)、土壤施锌30 kg·hm^(-2)(S2F0)、开花期叶面喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S0F1)、土壤施锌15 kg·hm^(-2)+开花期喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S1F1)、土壤施锌30 kg·hm^(-2)+开花期喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S2F1)6个处理,以探究不同施锌方式对两种水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响差异。【结果】试验1中,不同品种水稻对施用锌肥的响应程度存在显著差异。施锌后,虾稻一号、虾稻二号、润香玉和隆两优3463等4个水稻品种的产量分别增加4.4%、11.6%、7.9%和4.8%,其增产效果主要表现为有效穗数和结实率的提高。与CK相比,4个水稻品种施锌处理的有效穗数分别平均增加了19.8%、3.9%、9.9%和24.0%,结实率分别平均增加了5.4%、9.7%、6.7%和4.0%。此外,4个水稻品种施锌处理的糙米植酸与锌摩尔比分别平均降低了24.3%、30.9%、21.3%和37.2%,精米植酸与锌摩尔比分别平均降低了29.5%、32.4%、33.9%和35.3%。试验2中,不同施锌方式对虾稻一号和隆两优3463产量和籽粒锌有效性的影响效果存在显著差异。土壤施锌的增产效果显著优于叶面喷锌,且在土壤施锌的基础上配合叶面喷锌可进一步提高水稻产量。与S0F0相比,S0F1、S1F0、S1F1、S2F0和S2F1处理的虾稻一号产量分别提高了12.1%、14.1%、17.2%、22.2%和29.3%,隆两优3463的产量分别提高了2.0%、10.1%、15.2%、28.3%和31.3%。不同施锌方式对籽粒锌有效性的影响效果有所不同,且两个水稻品种的籽粒锌有效性存在显著差异。叶面喷施对籽粒的锌强化效果明显优于土壤施用,隆两优3463籽粒锌的生物有效性高于虾稻一号。【结论】筛选高产富锌的水稻品种(隆两优3463),并采用合理的锌肥施用方式(土施30 kg·hm^(-2)+开花期叶面喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)),可实现水稻增产和稻米锌营养强化的目的,助力水稻增收提质。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer and the differences in the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020.The first field experiment(Experiment 1)in 2019 aimed to explore the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application.Four rice varieties were selected,including Xiadao No.1,Xiadao No.2,Runxiangyu,and Longliangyou3463,with two treatments of no zinc application(CK)and zinc application(+Zn),and the differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application were investigated.The second field experiment(Experiment 2)in 2020 aimed to explore the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability.Based on the experiment in 2019,two high-yielding rice varieties,including Xiadao No.1 and Longliangyou3463,were selected to continue the study.Six treatments were set:no zinc application to soil(S0F0),soil application of 15 kg·hm^(-2) zinc(S1F0),soil application of 30 kg·hm^(-2) zinc(S2F0),foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S0F1),soil application of 15 kg·hm^(-2) zinc+foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S1F1),and soil application of 30 kg·hm^(-2) zinc+foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S2F1),and the differences in the effects of different zinc application methods on yield and grain zinc bioavailability of two rice varieties were investigated.【Result】In experiment 1,there were significant differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer.After zinc application,the yields of Xiadao No.1,Xiadao No.2,Runxiangyu,and Longliangyou3463 increased by 4.4%,11.6%,7.9%,and 4.8%,respectively.The increase in yield was mainly attributed to the increase in effective panicle number and grain-setting rate.Compared with CK,the average effective panicle number of the four rice varieties with zinc application increased by 19.8%,3.9%,9.9%,and 24.0%,respectively,and the average grain-setting rate increased by 5.4%,9.7%,6.7%,and 4.0%,respectively.In addition,the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in brown rice and polished rice of the four rice varieties with zinc application decreased by averages of 24.3%,30.9%,21.3%,and 37.2%,and 29.5%,32.4%,33.9%,and 35.3%,respectively.In experiment 2,there were significant differences in the effects of different zinc application methods on the yield and grain zinc availability of Xiadao No.1 and Longliangyou3463.Soil zinc application significantly outperformed foliar zinc spray in increasing yield,and foliar zinc spray further increased rice yield when it combined with soil zinc application.Compared with S0F0,the yields of Xiadao No.1 under S0F1,S1F0,S1F1,S2F0,and S2F1 increased by 12.1%,14.1%,17.2%,22.2%,and 29.3%,respectively,and the yields of Longliangyou3463 under S0F1,S1F0,S1F1,S2F0,and S2F1 increased by 2.0%,10.1%,15.2%,28.3%,and 31.3%,respectively.The effects of different zinc application methods on grain zinc availability varied,and there were significant differences in grain zinc availability between the two rice varieties.Foliar spray had a significantly greater zinc enhancement effect on grain compared with soil application,and the bioavailable zinc content in grains of Longliangyou3463 was higher than that in Xiadao No.1.【Conclusion】Selecting high-yielding and zinc-enriched rice varieties(Longliangyou3463)and adopting appropriate zinc fertilizer application methods(30 kg·hm^(-2) soil application+foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage)could achieve the goals of increasing rice yield and enhancing rice zinc nutrition,thereby helping to increase income and improve rice quality.