侵袭性肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿综合征的临床特征及不同治疗方式的有效性与费用分析

Clinical characteristics,effectiveness and cost of different treatment methods for invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome

目的:细菌性肝脓肿是常见的消化系统感染性疾病之一。侵袭性肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿综合征(invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome,IKLAS)是指除肝脓肿外,存在迁徙感染病灶或其他侵袭表现,其临床特征和危险因素尚未完全阐明,不同治疗方式的有效性与经济性也鲜有研究。本研究比较IKLAS与非IKLAS患者的临床特征,探讨有效且经济的治疗方式。方法:回顾性收集2010年1月至2023年12月中南大学湘雅医院收治的肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿患者的病历资料,共纳入201例患者,分为IKLAS组(n=37)和非IKLAS组(n=164)。比较2组患者的一般资料、症状和体征、实验室指标、影像学特点、合并症、治疗方式、治疗结局、直接治疗成本的差异;分析不同治疗方式对结局指标和住院费用的差异,进一步探讨治疗方式的有效性和经济性。结果:与非IKLAS组相比,IKLAS组合并糖尿病、快速感染相关器官衰竭评分(Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment,qSOFA)≥2、免疫功能低下状态、贫血和血小板下降的患者比例更高,发病时降钙素原水平更高(均P<0.05);在症状和体征方面,IKLAS组有视觉症状的比例更高,有腹痛症状的比例更低(均P<0.05);在并发症方面,IKLAS组胸腔积液、肺部感染、急性肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭、多器官功能衰竭的发生率更高(均P<0.05)。IKLAS组采用单纯抗菌药物治疗的比例更高(24.32%vs 11.59%),而非IKLAS组更多采用抗菌药物联合穿刺引流方案(86.59%vs 64.86%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IKLAS组整体有效率(83.78%)低于非IKLAS组(95.73%),治疗费用和药品费用更高(均P<0.05)。采用抗菌药物联合手术切除感染病灶治疗的肺炎克雷伯菌肝脓肿患者好转率达100%,抗菌药物联合脓肿穿刺引流治疗好转率84.9%,单纯抗菌药物治疗好转率82.1%,三者的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,在治疗费用方面,单纯抗菌药物治疗方式的费用最高(P<0.05)。结论:细菌性肝脓肿发生侵袭综合征的患者预后较差且直接医疗成本更高。联合脓肿穿刺引流或手术的方案相比单纯抗菌药物治疗好转率更高,住院费用更低,提示外科干预的手段可以减少抗菌药物花费,节约医疗成本。

Objective:Bacterial liver abscess is one of the common infectious diseases of the digestive system.Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome(IKLAS)refers to cases where,in addition to liver abscess,there are migratory infections foci or other invasive manifestations.The clinical characteristics and risk factors of IKLAS are not fully elucidated,and there is a lack of research on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different treatment methods.This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with IKLAS and non-IKLAS,and explore effective and economical treatment methods.Methods:This retrospective study collected medical records of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess treated at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to December 2023.A total of 201 patients were included,dividing into an IKLAS group(n=37)and a non-IKLAS group(n=164).Differences in demographics,symptoms and signs,laboratory indicators,imaging characteristics,comorbidities,treatment methods,treatment outcomes,and direct treatment costs between 2 groups were analyzed.The study also compared the effectiveness and costs of different treatment methods.Results:Compared with the non-IKLAS group,the proportion of patients with diabetes,Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)≥2,immune deficiency,anemia,and thrombocytopenia in the IKLAS group was higher,and the level of procalcitonin at the onset in the IKLAS group was also higher(all P<0.05).In terms of symptoms and signs,the IKLAS group had a higher proportion of visual abnormalities and a lower proportion of complaints of abdominal pain(both P<0.05).In terms of complications,the incidence of combined pleural effusion,pulmonary infection,acute renal failure,respiratory failure,and multiple organ failure was higher in the IKLAS group(all P<0.05).The IKLAS group had a higher proportion of patients treated with antibiotics alone(24.32%vs 11.59%),while the non-IKLAS group had a higher proportion of patients treated with antibiotics combined with puncture and drainage(86.59%vs 64.86%,both P<0.05).The overall effective rate of the IKLAS group(83.78%)was lower than that of the non-IKLAS group(95.73%),and the treatment and drug costs were higher(all P<0.05).The treatment method of antibiotics combined with surgical resection of infectious foci showed a 100%improvement rate,antibiotics combined with abscess puncture and drainage had an 84.9%improvement rate,and in antibiotics alone had an 82.1%improvement rate,with statistical differences among the 3 treatment methods(P<0.05).In terms of treatment costs,antibiotics alone were the most expensive(P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with IKLAS have poorer prognosis and higher direct medical costs.The combination of abscess puncture and drainage or surgery has a higher improvement rate and lower hospitalization costs compared to antibiotics alone,suggesting that surgical intervention may reduce antibiotic costs and save medical expenses.