类风湿关节炎合并宫颈放线菌病及输尿管梗阻1例并文献复习

Rheumatoid arthritis complicated with cervical actinomycosis and ureteral obstruction:A case report and literature review

放线菌病是一种少见的慢性肉芽肿性疾病,以肉芽肿及组织纤维化窦道的形成为特点,其症状与许多传染性和非传染性疾病相似,临床上经常被误诊。现报告1例长期使用免疫抑制剂及生物制剂治疗的类风湿关节炎合并放线菌感染的患者。该患者为60岁女性,类风湿关节炎病程10余年,既往使用氨甲蝶呤、艾拉莫德、英夫利昔单抗等多种免疫抑制剂及生物制剂治疗,关节肿痛反复发作,对类风湿关节炎疾病活动度的控制不佳,白细胞计数持续升高。全腹部CT示盆腔占位,右侧输尿管扩张。对宫颈管刮出组织进行病理检查,可见大量中性粒细胞浸润和硫磺样颗粒,考虑放线菌感染。予多西环素抗感染治疗18个月,以及艾拉莫德、硫酸羟氯喹及托法替布抗风湿治疗后,患者关节肿痛好转,白细胞计数正常。随访2年,患者病情稳定,无复发。类风湿关节炎患者使用较强免疫抑制剂、生物制剂时,应警惕合并发生感染,一些慢性、隐匿部位及少见病原体的感染也应当引起临床医生的重视,并尽早进行相关筛查以明确诊断。

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease characterized by granuloma formation and tissue fibrosis with sinus tracts,often misdiagnosed due to its similarity to many infectious and non-infectious diseases.This report presents a case of a 60-year-old female with more than 10 years history of rheumatoid arthritis who developed actinomycosis infection after long-term treatment with immunosuppressants and biologics,including methotrexate,leflunomide,and infliximab,leading to recurrent joint pain,poorly controlled rheumatoid arthritis activity,and persistent elevation of white blood cell counts.Abdominal CT revealed a pelvic mass and right ureteral dilation.Pathological examination of cervical tissue showed significant neutrophil infiltration and sulfur granules,indicating actinomycosis.The patient received 18 months of doxycycline treatment for the infection and continued rheumatoid arthritis therapy with leflunomide,hydroxychloroquine sulfate,and tofacitinib,resulting in improved joint symptoms and normalized white blood cell counts.After 2 years of follow-up,the patient remained stable with no recurrence.This case highlights the importance of clinicians being vigilant for infections,particularly chronic,occult infections from rare pathogens,in rheumatoid arthritis patients on potent immunosuppressants and biologics,advocating for early screening and diagnosis.