意识、哲学和神经科学

Consciousness, Philosophy, and Neuroscience

从哲学角度对当前的意识研究工作进行概述,可以证明哲学的做法在意识研究中仍然具有持续的影响作用。在对有关意识和物质之间关系的一些主要哲学立场进行讨论后,可以发现许多学者关注的意识问题——“身—心”问题或“心—脑”问题——只是意识研究中的几个问题之一。讨论“意识”“自我意识”和“自我”之间的关系,能够阐明对意识难题的困惑超越了它与物质的关系这一层面,进而指出哲学和神经科学可以相互学习的途径。

The aim of this mini-review paper is to present an overview of work on consciousness from a philosophical perspective,and to argue for the continuing relevance of philosophy in consciousness research.After introducing some major philosophical positions about the relationship between consciousness and matter,we argue that the problem of consciousness that many authors have focused on—the mind-body or mind-brain problem—is only one among several problems of consciousness.We illustrate the idea that the perplexities about consciousness go beyond its relationship with matter by discussing the relationship between consciousness,self-consciousness,and selfhood.This discussion also indicates ways in which philosophy and neuroscience can learn from each other.