地方标准《不可移动文物灾害防御指南》编制研究

Research on the compilation of local standard"Guidelines for Disaster Prevention of Immovable Cultural Relics"

由于自身的脆弱性,不可移动文物极易在自然灾害中遭受严重损失。开展文物防灾减灾研究日益成为当前学术界研究的热点问题,尤其是制定科学、合理、可操作性强的不可移动文物防灾减灾技术标准,更是对提升不可移动文物预防性保护技术水平具有重要的现实意义。为此,2023年北京市文物局和北京市市场监督管理局启动地方标准《不可移动文物灾害防御指南》的编制工作。在系统梳理我国文物防灾减灾工作经验基础上,充分分析北京市不可移动文物预防性保护的现实需求,从灾害防御基本内容、风险调查与评估、防御预案编制与实施、监测预警信息报送、宣传培训演练、灾害应急处置、应急物资储备、抢险救灾队伍建设和防御效果评价9个方面提出北京市不可移动文物灾害防御指南。标准的编制将有助于最大程度保障北京市文物安全,提升北京市文物预防性保护水平。

Due to its inherent vulnerability,immovable cultural relics are highly susceptible to serious losses in natural disasters.Conducting research on disaster prevention and reduction of cultural relics has increasingly become a hot topic in current academic research,especially in formulating scientific,reasonable,and operable technical standards for disaster prevention and reduction of immovable cultural relics,which has important practical significance for improving the level of preventive protection technology for immovable cultural relics.In 2023,the Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau and the Beijing Municipal Administration for Market Regulation launched the task of compiling the local standard"Guidelines for Disaster Prevention of Immovable Cultural Relics".Based on a systematic review of China's experience in disaster prevention and reduction of cultural relics and an analysis of the practical needs for preventive protection of immovable cultural relics in Beijing,the standard proposes Beijing's guidelines for disaster prevention of immovable cultural relics from nine aspects:basic content of disaster prevention,risk investigation and assessment,preparation and implementation of emergency plans,submission of monitoring and early warning information,publicity and training exercises,disaster emergency response,emergency material reserves,construction of rescue and relief teams,and evaluation of defense effectiveness.The preparation of this standard will help to maximize the safety of Beijing's cultural relics and enhance the level of preventive protection of Beijing's cultural relics.