近半个世纪以来泛加勒比区域海洋污染的产生及其跨界影响

The Emergence and Transboundary Impact of Marine Pollution in the Pan-Caribbean Region Over the Past Half-Century

近半个世纪以来,泛加勒比区域海洋生态系统因石油及其碳氢化合物、固体废物、有毒物质和营养物等的污染而退化,不同种类的污染会在一地或多地发生。一国海洋污染不仅危害本国海洋经济发展,还会给毗邻国带去难以管控的跨界环境影响。该区域海洋污染的产生有三大源头:陆基活动是海洋污染最主要的成因,沿岸生活生产废物被有意无意排入海中,引发大规模污染;海洋活动如海底热液、石油钻井、燃气开采和过境航运等,以自然或人为的方式冲击着海洋生态环境;信风、洋流等特殊自然活动则进一步加剧了海洋污染的蔓延。海洋污染严重影响泛加勒比区域社会经济发展,尤其是人们赖以生存的旅游业和渔业。泛加勒比区域海洋污染不只是区域问题,更是一个国际问题,应引起国际社会积极关注和应对。

For nearly half a century,marine ecosystems in the Pan-Caribbean region have degraded due to pollution from oil and its hydrocarbons,solid waste,toxic substances and nutrients,with different kinds of pollution occurring in one or more places.Marine pollution in one country not only harms the development of its own marine economy,but also causes uncontrollable transboundary environmental impacts on neighboring countries.There are three major sources of marine pollution in this region.First,land-based activities are the main cause of marine pollution,as the coastal waste from daily life and production has been discharged into the sea intentionally or inadvertently,leading to large-scale pollution.Second,marine activities such as submarine hydrothermal,oil drilling,gas extraction and transit shipping impact the marine ecological environment in natural or man-made ways.Third,special natural activities such as trade winds and ocean currents further aggravate the spread of pollution.Marine pollution seriously affects the socio-economic development of the Pan-Caribbean region,especially tourism and fishing industries vital for local people’s survival.Marine pollution in the Pan-Caribbean region is not only a regional issue,but also an international concern calling for the active attention and response from the global community.