中国西南地区鲜食玉米产业发展现状及对策

Development Status and Countermeasures of Fresh-eating Maize Industry in Southwest China

鲜食玉米产业的发展对促进农业产业化、三产融合及农民增收具有重要意义。中国西南地区的立体气候和光热资源均有利于鲜食玉米生产,且早季产品可以补充北方市场的空档期。对通过学术期刊、公开数据、行业访谈和学术研讨等方式收集的相关数据资料进行分析,从产业规模、区域布局、种质资源、技术创新、品牌建设、市场销售、产后加工等7个方面分析了中国西南地区鲜食玉米产业的发展情况,指出西南地区鲜食玉米产业发展存在的主要问题,如品种瓶颈,季节性、结构性供需失衡,产业链不完善,品牌建设落后等。鉴于此,建议以市场为导向开展品种创新,重点开发甜加糯玉米、甜味糯玉米等优势特色新品种;合理安排种植计划,发展加工及冷链物流企业;加强机械化、深加工和绿色生产技术研究,延伸产业链条;充分挖掘西南地区优势特色糯玉米种质资源和气候资源,发挥“一带一路”优势,培育区域特色品牌,促进西南地区鲜食玉米产业持续、稳定和高质量发展。

The development of fresh-eating maize industry is of great significance to promote the agricultural industrialization,integration of the three industries and increase of farmers'income.The stereo climate and resources of light and heat in southwest China are conducive to the production of fresh-eating maize,and early-season products can supplement the gap period in the northern market.Based on the analysis of the data information collected by academic journals,public data,industrial interviews and academic discussions,the development status of fresh-eating maize industry in southwest China was analyzed from seven aspects,such as industrial scale,regional distribution,germplasm resources,technological innovation,brand building,marketing and postpartum processing,and the main problems existing in the development of fresh-eating maize industry in southwest China were pointed out,such as variety bottleneck,seasonal and structural imbalance between supply and demand,imperfect industrial chain,backward brand building and so on.In view of above all,suggestions were carried out to promote the sustainable,stable and high-quality development of fresh-eating maize industry in southwest China,including of market-oriented variety innovation,focusing on developing new varieties of sweetwaxy maize and waxy maize with sweet taste,arranging reasonably planting plans and developing processing and cold chain logistics enterprises,strengthening the technologies research on mechanization,deep processing and green production to extend the industrial chains,fully tapping the dominant characteristic germplasm resources of waxy maize and climate resources in southwest China,giving full play to the advantages the Belt and Road Initiative and cultivating regional characteristic brands.