抚顺地区清原马鹿繁育及种质资源利用现状及对策建议

Current situation of breeding and germplasm resources utilization of qingyuan wapiti in fushun area and suggestions on countermeasures

清原马鹿是世界上第1个经过人工选育而成的马鹿新品种,具有性状遗传稳定、繁殖成活率高、产茸量高质优等特点,曾经为抚顺市乃至全国马鹿养殖场户带来了丰厚收益,弥补了国内外马鹿饲养业的空白。通过调研,了解掌握了清原马鹿繁育及种质资源现状,摸清了抚顺地区清原马鹿种群规模和结构及精液保存情况,分析了影响清原马鹿产业发展的制约因素。2003—2023年抚顺地区清原马鹿种群数量持续减少,种群规模处于收缩状态。因进口鹿产品冲击、扩繁能力下降、饲养管理水平低下、科技支撑能力薄弱及产业发展定位不明确等多种因素的影响,导致清原马鹿种质资源的数量每况愈下,濒临灭绝。研究认为,加快清原马鹿种源保护和开发利用配套政策的研究,加强养殖、人工授精和遗传基因保存等技术的研究和推广,深入挖掘清原马鹿种用价值、品种资源潜在价值,延伸产业链条,是延缓清原马鹿存栏数锐减的必要手段,也是清原马鹿族群壮大和产业发展的基础。

Qingyuan wapiti is the first new breed of wapiti artificially cultivated in the world.It has the characteristics of stable heredity,high reproductive survival rate,high antler yield with good quality.Qingyuan wapiti had brought huge profits to farmers in Fushun and in China,which made up for the blank of wapiti breeding industry at home and abroad.Based on investigation,we have learned the current situation of breeding and germplasm resources,and found out the population size,structure and semen preservation in Fushun area,and analyzed the constraints affecting the development of the Qingyuan wapiti industry.From 2003 to 2023,the population size of Qingyuan wapiti in Fushun area continued to decrease.This indicates that the population size is in a state of extreme contraction.Due to the impact of imported deer species,the decline in propagation ability,the low level of breeding management,the weak ability of scientific and technological support,and the unclear orientation of industrial development,the number of germplasm resources of Qingyuan wapiti has been deteriorating and is on the verge of extinction.In this study,it is believed that accelerating the research of policies for the protection,development,and utilization of Qingyuan wapiti provenance,strengthening the research and promotion of breeding,artificial insemination and genetic preservation technologies,deeply exploring the species value and the potential resource value of Qingyuan wapiti,and extending the industrial chain are the necessary to delay the sharp decline.It is also the basis for the growth and industrial development of Qingyuan wapiti population.