橡胶木防霉、腐处理工艺的研究进展

Research Progress of Anti-mildew and Anti-decay Treatment Technology in Rubberwood

橡胶木的糖分、淀粉组分含量比一般树种高,为真菌生长提供了丰富的营养介质,容易导致其霉变、腐朽,进而劣化,通过防霉、防腐处理能够有效改善橡胶木的耐霉变、耐腐朽性能,从而提高橡胶木的使用寿命。综述了橡胶木防霉、防腐处理的主要工艺及优缺点,化学处理手段可以有效改善橡胶木木材的防霉、防腐性能,但易污染环境且对人类、家畜等生物造成危害。当前,绿色防治处理手段因对环境、人畜影响小而备受关注,其防霉、防腐效果虽不及化学处理手段,但联合其他处理手段可以有效地改善橡胶木对菌/虫的防治效果。因此在橡胶木防霉、防腐处理工艺的研究过程中,采取何种措施降低毒性、减少成本、简化工艺、提高性能以及开发提取天然抑菌材料是该领域的研究重点。

The rubberwood is susceptible to mildew,decay even deterioration by fungi,bacteria and insects,due to the rich nutrients which provided by the higher contents of sugar and starch components of rubberwood.Therefore,the rubberwood needs to be modified to anti-mildew and anti-decay to prolong its service life.The main processes,advantages and disadvantages of modification technologies(anti-mildew and anti-decay treatment)of rubberwood were reviewed.Chemical modification approaches can effectively improve the mold resistance and decay resistance of rubberwood,however these chemical agents are prone to environmental pollution even have impacts on human and animal health.At present,green modification methods attracted growing attentions due to their low impact on the environment,human-beings and livestock.Though the anti-mold and anti-decay effects are not as good as chemical treatment methods,combination of the green modification methods with other treatment methods can effectively improve the mold resistance and decay resistance of rubberwood against fungi,bacteria and insects.In consequent,how to decrease the toxicity,reduce the costs,simplify the process and improve the performances,including extract the natural anti-fungal materials from natural resources are the hot issues and emphasis.