数据安全保护积极刑法观的理论证成与制度型构

The Theoretical Justification and Institutional Construction of the Proactive Criminal Law Perspective on Data Security Protection

数据安全保护的刑法立场选择上存在消极刑法观、积极刑法观及折中刑法观,消极刑法观与折中刑法观在逻辑和内容构造上基本无异。无论是法益保护原则的坚守,还是数据犯罪背后的法益不断翻新的客观事实需要,抑或立法漏洞日益凸显的现实困境,都决定了坚持积极刑法观是权宜之策。积极刑法观并非情绪性立法,增设新的数据犯罪并不违反刑法的谦抑性和补充性,且与象征性刑法并无直接关联,更有明确的处罚界限,与此同时也利于我国刑法的国际化。基于此,我国应当增设非法访问数据罪、非法分析数据罪,同时完善非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪。

There are positive criminal law views,negative criminal law views and compromised criminal law views in the choice of criminal law stance of data security protection,and the latter two are basically the same in logic and content structure.Whether it is the adherence to the principle of legal interest protection,the objective fact that the legal interest behind data crime is constantly renovated,or the realistic dilemma that legislative loopholes are increasingly prominent,it is decided that it is appropriate to adhere to the proactive criminal law perspective.The proactive criminal law perspective is not emotional legislation,and adding new data crime does not violate the modesty and complementarity of criminal law,as it is not directly related to symbolic criminal law,and has a clear penalty boundary.At the same time,it is also conducive to the internationalization of China's criminal law.Based on this,China should add the crime of illegal access to data,illegal analysis of data,and improve the legal system against the crime of illegal access to computer information system data.