纯电车型前舱空调冷凝器的散热特性研究

Study on Heat Dissipation Performance of Air Conditioning Condenser of Battery Electric Vehicles

由于前舱冷却模块布置方式及格栅开孔的影响,冷凝器迎风面的冷却空气呈现非均匀的速度与温度分布,影响其散热性能。文章以纯电车型前舱冷却模块为研究对象,基于AMESim软件的独立控制元件建立一层半与两层方案数学模型,通过理论计算验证数学模型的合理性,揭示两种布置方式下冷凝器各流程的散热量及总散热量随迎风面冷却空气参数的变化规律。研究发现:对于两层方案,均匀送风条件下冷凝器具有最优的散热性能,且随着过冷区送风量的增大其散热量显著降低;对于一层半方案,冷凝器上/中/下部被遮挡时,由于内部制冷剂状态发生变化,使得其总散热量依次降低10.53%、15.34%和17%,故采用一层半布置时,应尽可能使散热器位于冷凝器上部。文章研究工作为纯电车型前舱冷却模块的布置优化与性能提升提供技术支持与理论指导。

Restricted by the arrangement of forecabin cooling module and opening area of the grille,the cooling air on the windward of the condenser presents non-uniform velocity and temperature distribution,which may seriously affect its heat dissipation performance.This study takes the forecabin cooling module of battery electric vehicles as the research object,establishes the mathematical models of one and a half/two layers arrangement schemes based on AMESim software,and verifies the accuracy of the conducted model through the theoretical calculation,and reveals the revolution of heat dissipation of condenser with the cooling air parameters on the windward side under the arrangement modes.It is found that for the two layer arrangement scheme,the condenserowns the optimum heat dissipation performance under the condition of uniform air velocity,and that decreases significantly with the increase of air supply volume in the subcooling area;for the one and a half arrangement scheme,when the low-temperature radiator is arranged in the upper/middle/lower part of condenser,the reduction of heat dissipation rate of condenser is 10%,15%and 17%respectively.The findings in this paper can provide the technical support and theoretical guidance for improving performance and layout optimization of the forecabin cooling module of battery electric vehicles.