定量磁共振评估骨质疏松症研究进展

Research Progress in Quantitative Evaluation of Osteoporosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

骨质疏松症是骨折的主要危险因素,除了骨矿化成分之外,骨微结构及微环境的变化对骨的完整性同样重要。常规MRI测得的信号强度比可用于脊柱手术患者的骨质疏松筛查,使用超短回波时间磁共振成像可以定量评估骨孔隙度、胶原基质、骨的矿化成分等,利用水脂分离技术能测量骨髓脂肪含量、组成以及T2^(*)值,体素内不相干运动技术反映骨髓灌注情况,人工智能技术如纹理分析及深度学习进一步发展了MRI技术,本文总结了近期使用磁共振方法评估骨质疏松症的研究进展。

Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fracture.In addition to bone mineralization,changes in bone microstructure and bone microenvironment are also important for bone integrity.The signal intensity ratio measured by conventional MRI can be used for the screening of osteoporosis in patients undergoing spinal surgery.Ultrashort echo time MRI can be used to quantitatively evaluate bone porosity,collagen matrix,and mineralization grade of bone,and water-lipid separation technology can be used to measure bone marrow fat content,composition,and T2^(*)value.Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging reflects bone marrow perfusion.Artificial intelligence techniques such as texture analysis and deep learning have further developed MRI techniques.This paper summarizes recent advances in the use of MRI methods to evaluate osteoporosis.