地铁有毒有害气体蔓延仿真及人员疏散安全性分析

Simulation of Subway Toxic and Harmful Gas Spread and Analysisof Personnel Evacuation Safety

为有效提升防范化解地铁空间风险防范能力,科学分析研判有毒有害气体蔓延时空分布规律与人员疏散安全性的关系。本文采用Ansys Fluent软件开展有毒有害气体流体的流动性模拟,并借助Pathfinder人员疏散仿真软件,研究了地铁列车在典型人员荷载场景下、泄漏源与疏散口多重冲突场景下的疏散安全性。结果表明,发生有毒有害气体泄漏的地铁站,人员安全疏散可用时间约600~1000 s;不同人员荷载和改变泄漏源位置时,人员疏散所需时间从172.3 s至977.0 s不等;疏散人数超过1550人或地铁站内部分疏散口不可用,会导致人员疏散过程中遭遇危险。建议重点针对控制地铁站人员流通量,保障疏散通道口的安全有效性,注重紧急疏散时人流组织与指挥引导。

In order to effectively enhance the ability to prevent and resolve the risk of subway space prevention and scientifically analyzes and research on the relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of toxic and harmful gas spreading and the safety of personnel evacuation,this paper employs Ansys Fluent software for toxic and harmful gas fluid mobility simulation.Also with the help of Pathfinder personnel evacuation simulation software,this paper studies the evacuation safety of subway trains in typical personnel loading scenarios,leakage sources and evacuation ports multiple conflict scenarios.The results reveal that the available time for safe personnel evacuation in a subway station with toxic and harmful gas leakage is around 600~1000 seconds;the time required for evacuation ranges from 172.3 s to 977.0 s with different personnel load and changing the location of the leakage source;and the evacuation of more than 1550 people or the unavailability of some of the evacuation ports in the subway station will lead to the danger encountered by the personnel in the process of personnel evacuation.It is suggested to focus on controlling the flow of personnel in subway stations,ensuring the safety and effectiveness of evacuation channel outlets,and paying attention to the organization and command guidance of human flow during emergency evacuation.