营造尺系——度制变迁之于乡土建筑的历时性线索探讨

Ruler System of Construction:Exploring the Diachronic Clues of Measurement System Changes and Vernacular Architecture

文章首先阐述了营造尺作为传统营造工具的科研意义,指出其尺值变化带来的营造用尺的共时性特征和历时性变迁。然后,基于我国营造尺系的官方背景和乡土习俗,论述了南、北方营造尺使用的历史特征和源流变迁,指出南方尺系的稳定性区域特色,以及北方尺系对官方制度因素等的密切响应。在此基础上,分辨了吴越尺系、闽尺系、淮尺系、赣尺系、粤尺、鲁尺、晋冀尺等的共时性使用情况,以及唐宋明清以来官尺的历史遗留及影响。最后阐明尺系研究对乡土建筑区划和谱系探讨的参考所在。

This paper expounds the scientific significance of constructed ruler as a traditional construction tool,and points out the synchronic characteristics and diachronic changes brought about by the alteration of its ruler value.It analyzes the official background and local customs of the construction ruler system in China,discusses the historical characteristics and source changes of the construction ruler system in the south and the north,and points out the regional characteristics of the stability of the southern square ruler system,and the close response of the northern ruler system to the factors of the official system.The paper also distinguishes the synchronous use of Wuyue-ruler system,Min-ruler system,Huai-ruler system,Gan-ruler system,Yue-ruler system,Lu-ruler system,Jin-Ji-ruler system,as well as the historical legacy and influence of the official ruler system since Tang,Song,Ming,and Qing dynasties.