美国数字资产发展政策探析--基于“数字资产行政令”及其附属报告的分析

American Digital Asset Development Policy and Implications:Based on the Executive Order of Digital Assets and Its Supplementary Reports

数字资产作为社会财富的重要组成部分,已受到全球各国与地区的关注。在技术要素推动下,从一般的数据要素到数字货币以及各类数字化证券代币与加密货币等,数字资产的内涵、外延以及功能与所应用场景都在动态演化。因此,有效认定与监管数字资产成为各国与地区促进数字资产有效发挥作用的关键举措。美国总统签发的第14067号“数字资产行政令”,即《确保负责任地开发数字资产行政命令》,为探索规范数字资产发展提供了一个相对成形的框架。通过对美国总统行政令及其附属报告的文本分析显示,美国政府对数字资产的界定,提供了一个相对宽泛的框架;繁荣数字资产市场与金融创新及掌握全球数字资产市场规则的话语权是美国数字资产发展的关键目的;强调数字资产发展过程中的多部门协同管理与全生命周期监管。

Digital assets as an important part of social wealth have received attention from the world.Driven by technological elements,from general data elements to digital currencies and various digital security tokens and cryptocurrencies,digital assets are evolving dynamically in terms of connotation and extension as well as the scenarios in which the functions are applied.Therefore,effective identification and regulation of digital assets have become a key initiative to promote the effective role of digital assets in various countries and regions.Among them,the U.S.Executive Order 14067,the Executive Order on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets,provides a relatively well-established framework for exploring the regulation of digital assets.The U.S.presidential executive order and its accompanying reports show that the U.S.government's definition of digital assets provides a relatively broad framework;the key goals of the development of U.S.digital assets are to promote the digital asset market and financial innovation;and it emphasizes the role of digital technology innovation in the development of digital assets and multi-departmental coordination and full life cycle supervision.