农村留守儿童的同伴溢出效应:基于非认知能力视角的研究

Spillover Effects of Left-behind Children in Rural China:APerspectivefrom Non-cognitive Skills

随着中国大量农村劳动力涌入城市,留守儿童问题开始备受社会关注。本文通过构建理论模型分析留守儿童对同伴的溢出效应。采用中国教育追踪调查数据研究发现,留守儿童比重的提高使得同班普通儿童的非认知能力显著降低,该效应主要源于留守男童,并且对家庭社会经济地位较高的普通儿童产生了更大的负面影响。机制分析表明,教师投入降低以及班级氛围变差是重要的影响渠道。这意味着在没有考虑同伴溢出效应时,农村留守儿童的消极影响被低估。本文结论对于关爱农村留守儿童、缩小城乡人力资本差距、助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。

With the increasing number of rural migrants in cities,there is a growing concern for leftbehind children.In this context,this paper builds a theoretical framework to analyze the spillover effects generated by left-behind children.Using China Education Panel Survey data,our finding reveals that the increase in the proportion of left-behind children significantly reduces the non-cognitive skills of their peers in the same class.This negative effect is more pronounced for left-behind boys.Left-behind children also have a stronger spillover effect on those from families with higher socioeconomic status.The analysis of the mechanism indicates that more left-behind children lead to a reduced input of teachers and a deterioration of the atmosphere in the classrooms.These results suggest that previous studies that do not consider spillover effects may underestimate the negative impact when children are left behind.The findings of this study offer important policy implications for the care of left-behind children in rural areas,the reduction of human capital inequality between urban and rural children,and rural revitalization.