日本海洋战略的安全化转型:背景、特征及行动

The Securitization Transformation of Japan's Maritime Strategy:Context,Characteristics and Actions

海洋地缘因素在日本国家战略中占有重要地位。当代日本海洋战略的核心特征之一即安全化,其发展遵循西方将海洋问题纳入安全框架的一般性理论逻辑,同时又基于日本特定的历史经验与战略考量。进入21世纪,日本在“海洋立国”旗号下逐步确立了国家海洋战略,这是日本将安全化逻辑应用于海洋问题的重要体现。日本海洋战略的安全化转型持续加强,在战略特征上体现为威胁认知的持续性及全面强化、安全目标的优先性与具体化、安全手段的综合性与“高阶化”、安全合作及防范对象的选择性与明确化。为实现战略目标,日本积极采取行动,建设强有力且一体化的海上防卫力量,加强沿岸岛链军事部署及“要塞体系”,构建全天候、立体化的海洋监控体系,积极拓展、管理并开发海洋权益区域。日本海洋战略与国家安全战略相互融合,安全化发展成为长期趋势,但在现实主义逻辑主导、强调自助安全与权力扩张的西方式安全化路线引导下,其未能实现所预设的“安全目标”,反而显著加剧了日本与邻国的海洋矛盾,给地区和平稳定带来了负面影响。

Maritime geopolitical factors play a crucial role in Japan's national strategy.One of the core features of contemporary Japanese maritime strategy is securitization,following the general theoretical logic of western countries incorporating maritime issues into a securitization framework,while also based on Japan's specific historical experiences and strategic considerations.In the 21st century,Japan gradually established a national maritime strategy under the banner of"maritime nation,"a significant manifestation of Japan applying securitization logic to maritime issues.The securitization transformation of Japan's maritime strategy continues to strengthen,characterized by the persistence and comprehensive enhancement of threat perception,prioritization and concretization of security objectives,comprehensive and"high-level"security means,selective and explicit security cooperation and target prevention.To achieve strategic goals,Japan actively takes action,constructing a strong and integrated maritime defense force,strengthening military deployment along the coastal island chain and"fortress system",establishing a three-dimensional maritime monitoring system,actively expanding,managing,and developing maritime rights and interests areas.Japan's maritime strategy and national security strategy are mutually integrated,with securitization development becoming a long-term trend.However,under the guidance of a western-style security route emphasizing realism logic,self-security,and power expansion,Japan's maritime strategy has not achieved the intended"security objectives",instead significantly exacerbating maritime conflicts with neighbouring countries,bringing negative impacts to regional peace and stability.