状物写心——明清文人写意画的物性与图像叙事

Expressing Feelings Through Depiction:Matter and Image Narrative of Freehand Literati Paintings Created During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

文人写意画重抒情而轻物性的美学特征揭示出中国绘画史“院体—文人”二重脉络,潜藏其后的是“物质—精神”的美学分野。然而,物性在明清文人写意画艺术实践中至关重要,“物”是文人写意精神的自然物象载体,对“物”的感知与对“心”的摹写共筑了明清文人写意画的图像叙事体系。本文基于物性哲学的视角观照明清文人写意画,体察传统写意精神中“物”与“心”的美学张力,探索明清文人群体如何由“状物”及“写心”,在写意绘画的图像叙事中建构社会身份、自我理想与美学世界。

The aesthetic characteristics of freehand literati paintings,namely emphasizing the expression of feelings over depiction,reveal dualism in Chinese art--"court painting and literati",hidden behind which is the aesthetic distinction between"matter and mind".Matter,as a natural image carrier of spirits,was crucial in freehand literati paintings created in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The perception of"matter"and the expression of"mind"promoted the establishment of an image narrative system during this period.This article analyzes freehand literati paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspective of matter philosophy,examines the aesthetic power of"matter"and"mind",and explores how literati back then expressed feelings through depiction and built their social identity,personal dreams and aesthetic world in image narrative.