清代至民初洪门“五祖”之创建与形塑

The Creation of Image of Five Founding Patriarchs of Hongmen from Qing to Early Republican China

五祖是有助于我们综合了解以天地会为源流的洪门的关键人物之一。本文将深入剖析清代以及民初洪门历史中五祖所扮演的角色,并探讨其蕴含的历史意义。首先,本文将分析清政府颁布的有关法令,来阐明洪门沦为非法结社的原因;其次,通过对洪门的结会案件,以及结社的传说、仪式、记号等要素进行细致分析,来发掘五祖逐渐成为成员所崇拜的典范之过程;最后通过探讨中国以及海外的情况,考察五祖被公开合法崇拜的史实。实际上,五祖是洪门人士为反清复明这个政治话语所虚构的产物。五祖作为洪门的象征性形象,在洪门创建、表达洪门宗旨以及日后洪门重建中发挥了重大作用。

The present paper,thoroughly explaining the role Wuzu(Five Founding Patriarchs)played in the history of Hongmen(Hong Society,a Chinese fraternal organization)by investigating the decrees promulgated by the Qing government,Hongmen's rites and symbols,and the public worship of Wuzu at home and abroad,concludes that the creation of Wuzu made great contribution to the founding and resuscitation of Hongmen even though Wuzu was actually a politico⁃fictional product.