身体感知、大众想象与伦理争议:近代输血技术在华传播及其实践困境(1918—1937)

Physical Perception,Mass Imagination and Ethical Controversies:Dissemination and Practical Di⁃lemma of Modern Blood Transfusion in China,1918-1937

20世纪20年代,输血技术传入近代中国,带来了新的治疗手段。输血手术的正规化扩大了输血规模。在血源单一的情况下,血液交易产生并流行,输血乱象层出不穷。全面抗战前,近代输血技术的在华传播与实践屡遭质疑。技术自身的局限性、身体上的疼痛感知、舆论中的阴谋论和血液交易的医学伦理争议,造成了近代输血技术在中国本土化的困境。近代以来,输血技术在中国社会的舆论场域中呈现出诸多面相。与输血技术有关的舆论纷争此起彼伏,其本质是技术介入和改造身体的底线问题,此类争论延续至今。

The present paper,surveying the history,in which the modern blood transfusion was introduced into Chi⁃na in the 1920s and this new technology was repeatedly questioned in practice due to the limitations of blood transfusion,patients'perception of physical pain,conspiracy theories voiced by the public,and the ethical controversy over blood trade,concludes that there was indeed a dilemma in indigenizing this tech⁃nology in China and it even continues to this day.