煤矿超长斜井破碎地层敞开式TBM掘进技术与应对方法研究

Open TBM tunneling technology and measures for fractured strata in super-long inclines at western China coal mines

TBM因施工安全、自动化程度高、掘进速度快等特点,已成为斜井机械化、自动化和智能化建设的重要掘进装备。西部弱胶结地层围岩强度低、承载能力差,TBM在穿越破碎地层时发生塌方、卡机、栽头和掘进偏斜等风险概率较高,为此开展了西部煤矿超长斜井破碎地层敞开式TBM掘进技术与应对方法研究。基于可可盖煤矿斜井穿越地层和工程条件,制定了适应地层条件的TBM掘进参数调整方案,提出了刀盘转速、撑靴压力、刀盘扭矩、推进速度等掘进参数的控制方法,最大限度发挥了TBM高效掘进的性能;提出了斜井穿越破碎地层时,钢拱架、超前注浆、锚网支护等综合围岩加固方法;优化了辅助作业设备的配置方案及掘进作业流程,形成了注浆加固、围岩强支护、设备随掘协同的破碎地层安全施工技术,保障了可可盖煤矿斜井破碎地层敞开式TBM的安全与快速掘进。

Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM)has become one of most important equipment for mine mechanization,automation,and intelligent construction due to safe operation,good automation,and high development rate.The weakly consolidated formation in western China has weak surrounding rock and bears low stress.TBM tends to cause collapse,machine stuck,machine nose dropping and driving deviation when passing through fractured formations.Therefore,the research on open TBM driving technology is to cope with the problems of fractured strata in western coal mines.Based on the strata and engineering conditions of the inclines at Kekegai Coal Mine,we draw up an adjustment plan of TBM mining parameters for fractured strata in super-long inclines.We efficiently employed TBM in mining to maximum with the control of parameters,including cutter rotating speed,hydraulic pressure,cutter torque and advancing speed.We put forward wall rock reinforcement methods through fractured incline strata,such as steel arch,advance grouting and anchor mesh support,and optimize the auxiliary operation equipment layout and development procedures.We work out safety mining technology concerning grouting reinforcement,strong support for surrounding rocks and equipment coordination with excavation,and guarantee the safety and fast excavation of the open TBM in fractured strata at Kekegai Coal Mine.