中国能源应急管理体系演进、问题及政策建议

Analysis of the evolution and problems of China’s energy emergencymanagement system and policy recommendations

能源应急管理体系的构成与演变决定了一个国家应对能源突发事件的能力和效率。新中国成立后,中国能源应急管理体系经历了单灾种专项应急管理体系(1949—2003年)、以“一案三制”为核心的应急管理体系(2003—2012年)、以总体国家安全观为统领的应急管理体系(2012年至今)3个发展阶段。总体来看,中国现阶段能源应急管理体系建设还存在大安全大应急理念有待加强、能源综合应急管理体制需要模式重构、应急法制体系亟待完善、全流程应急管理机制和应急保障能力急需提高等一系列问题。建议推进能源战略安全理念,贯彻大安全大应急新思想;完善集中统一、高效权威的能源综合应急管理体制;加强能源应急管理机制建设;健全能源应急管理法制与标准体系;强化能源应急保障体系。

The composition and evolution of the energy emergency management system determines a country’s ability and efficiency to respond to energy emergencies.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s energy emergency management system has undergone such three development stages as a single disaster-specific emergency management system(1949-2003),an emergency management system centered on“one plan,three systems”(2003-2012),and an emergency management system led by the overall national security concept(2012-present).Overall,China’s current energy emergency management system construction still exists a series of problems including the concept of huge-security and emergency needs strengthening,the energy comprehensive emergency management system needs restructuring,the emergency legal system needs bettering,and the whole process of the emergency management mechanism and emergency protection capacity needs improving.It is recommended to promote the concept of strategic energy security,implement the new idea of great security and great emergency response,improve the centralized,unified,efficient and authoritative energy emergency management system,strengthen the construction of energy emergency management mechanisms,perfect the legal system and standard system for energy emergency management,and enhance the energy emergency guarantee system.