国内外生物燃料产业发展特点及对中国的启示

Development characteristics of domestic and foreign biofuel industry andimplications for China

全球生物燃料产业具有如下特点:一是依赖政策驱动成长,二是未来仍有较大的增长空间,三是发展面临原料供应的瓶颈,四是各国生物燃料产业发展取决于其政策及资源禀赋,五是往往会成为贸易保护政策的实施对象,尤其是欧盟正在对中国生物柴油产业进行反倾销调查。中国虽然在燃料乙醇推广方面已取得一定进展,并且建立起一定的生物柴油、可持续航空燃料生产能力,但存在平均规模小、分布散的特点,合规风险较高,中国国内对于生物柴油、可持续航空燃料的需求量十分有限,因此中国生物燃料产业在面临外国反倾销等贸易保护措施时处于脆弱地位。中国餐厨废弃油脂收集潜力较大,可为未来生物柴油、可持续航空燃料产业发展提供资源保障。建议中国制订相关政策,适度扩大生物柴油强制添加范围,强制添加可持续航空燃料,同时出台政策确保行业规范化发展,并实现餐厨废油资源的循环利用。

The global biofuel industry has such characteristics as its growth relying on the policy-driven,a large space for future growth,a bottleneck in the supply of raw materials,the development of the biofuel industry in each country depending on its policies and resource endowment,and the constant target of the implementation of trade protection policies,in particular,the European Union is carrying out an anti-dumping investigation on China’s biodiesel industry.Although China has made some progress in promoting ethanol fuel and has established a certain production capacity for biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel,it is characterized by small average scale,scattered distribution,and high compliance risk.There is a very limited domestic demand for biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel in China and the biofuel industry is in a vulnerable position in the face of foreign antidumping and other trade protection measures.The collection of used cooking oil in China has great potential,which can provide resources for the development of biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel industries in the future.It is suggested that China should formulate relevant policies,moderately expand the scope of mandatory addition of biodiesel,mandatorily add sustainable aviation fuels,introduce policies to ensure standardized development of the industry,and realize recycling of used cooking oil resources at the same time.