新一代高精度核力–相对论手征核力的现状与展望

New Generation of High Precision Nuclear Forces–Relativistic Chiral Nuclear Force–Status and Prospects

理解自由空间和介质中的核子-核子相互作用(核力)一直是核物理研究的重要课题,也是全球核科学大装置(例如HIAF和FRIB)的重要科学目标。基于核子自由度和微观核力,从第一性原理出发理解核结构、核反应以及致密星体的性质一直是核物理学家孜孜以求的目标。由诺贝尔物理学奖得主温伯格于20世纪90年代初首次提出,经过全球众多科学家共同努力,发展而来的温伯格手征核力已经成为第一性原理计算事实上的标准输入。然而,与原子分子物理以及化学等学科不同,相对论第一性原理方法在核物理中的应用才刚刚起步。制约其发展的一个重要因素是缺少现代的相对论核子-核子相互作用。为了推动相对论第一性原理核物理研究,更好地理解强相互作用力的本质,弥补温伯格手征核力的一些固有缺陷,北航课题组同合作者一道构建了第一个高精度相对论手征核力。本工作将简要介绍温伯格手征核力的发展脉络及现状,指出其本身存在的不足。本工作还将介绍相对论手征核力的理论框架,展示其对核子散射相移以及微分散射截面等可观测量的描述,讨论其相对于温伯格手征核力的优势,最后展望其未来的应用和进一步发展。

Understanding the nucleon-nucleon interaction in free space and in medium has always been one of the most important topics in nuclear physics.It is also one of the most important objectives of large scientific facilities such as HIAF and FRIB.Understanding nuclear structure,reactions,and the properties of dense stars from ab initio calculations based on nucleon degrees of freedom and microscopic nuclear forces has always been a primary goal pursued by nuclear physicists.First proposed by Nobel laureate Weinberg in 1990s and developed by joint efforts of scientists around the world,the Weinberg chiral nuclear force has now been the de facto standard input for ab initio studies.So far,however,relativistic ab initio calculations have only just begun unlike disciplines such as atomic and molecular physics and chemistry.One of the most important issues restricting its development is the lack of modern relativistic nucleon-nucleon interactions.In order to promote the development of relativistic ab initio nuclear physics researches,improve our understanding of the strong interaction and compensate the deficiencies of Weinberg chiral nuclear force,our group in Beihang university together with the cooperators developed the first high precision relativistic chiral nuclear force.In this work,we briefly review the development venation and current status of the Weinberg chiral nuclear force,as well as its deficiencies.We further present a short introduction to the framework of relativistic chiral nuclear force,show its description of the scattering phase shifts as well as observables such as differential cross sections and demonstrate its advantages over Weinberg chiral nuclear force.At last we prospected its future developments and applications.