拉萨市居家和社区养老服务的政策工具选择——一项政策文本的内容分析

Policyinstrument choices for home and community elderly services in Lhasa City--Content analysis of a policy text

分析归纳拉萨市现行居家和社区养老服务政策工具的类型及特点,探讨优化完善居家和社区养老服务政策的途径和方法。以《拉萨市居家和社区养老服务改革试点工作实施方案》为研究对象,构建政策工具——老年人需求层次的二维分析框架,通过内容分析法对政策文本进行量化分析。政策工具维度中供给型、环境型、需求型三类政策工具分别占比25.97%、59.61%、14.12%。老年人需求层次维度中的生存需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求、自我实现需求分别占比46.15%、35.58%、4.81%、11.54%、1.92%。拉萨市居家和社区养老服务的政策工具使用中呈现环境型政策工具偏重、供给性政策工具不足、需求型政策工具缺失的特点,应进一步优化政策结构,加强需求型政策工具的使用。同时,积极关注老年人中高层面的养老需求,推动高质量、全方位的养老服务发展。

This paper analyzes and summarizes the types and characteristics of the existing home and community elderly care service policy tools in Lhasa,and explores the ways and methods to optimize and improve the home and community elderly care service policies.It takes the Lhasa Pilot Implementation Plan for the Reform of Home and Community-Based Elderly Services as the research object,constructs a two-dimensional analytical framework of the policy tool--the hierarchy of needs of the elderly,and quantitatively analyzes the policy text through the content analysis method.In terms of policy tools,supply,environment and demand accounted for 25.97%,59.61%and 14.12%respectively.Survival needs,safety needs,social needs,respect needs and self-actualization needs accounted for 46.15%,35.58%,4.81%,11.54%and 1.92%,respectively.In the use of policy tools for home and community elderly care services in Lhasa,environmental policy tools are favored,supply policy tools are insufficient,and demand policy tools are lacking.The policy structure should be further optimized and the use of demand policy tools should be strengthened.At the same time,we should actively pay attention to the needs of middle and high-level elderly people,and promote the development of high-quality and all-round elderly care services.