原发性胆汁性胆管炎合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病的临床特征及危险因素分析

Primary biliary cholangitis with metabolic associated fatty liver disease:Clinical features and risk factors

目的分析原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)的临床特征及危险因素,探讨两种疾病合并时的相互影响。方法选取2019年1月—2022年12月于昆明医科大学第一附属医院确诊为PBC和MAFLD的患者187例,分为PBC组70例,PBC合并MAFLD组38例,MAFLD组79例。收集病例的一般资料、临床症状、血清学指标、瞬时弹性纤维成像(FibroScan)及非侵入性纤维化指标,分析比较三组间的不同特点。计量资料三组间比较采用单因素方差分析或KruskalWallis H检验;计数资料组间比较使用χ^(2)检验或Fisher精确检验。多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析。结果三组在性别、年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、自身免疫性疾病病史方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。PBC合并MAFLD组以女性患者多见(89.5%),平均年龄为(57.26±12.72)岁,BMI为(23.35±3.70)kg/m2;PBC组中自身免疫性疾病病史检出率为25.7%(18例)。三组乏力、纳差、瘙痒、黄疸、静脉曲张、腹水、脾大发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。PBC合并MAFLD组患者常见的症状为乏力、纳差、腹痛、腹胀,分别为18例(47.4%)、15例(39.5%)、14例(36.8%)、16例(42.1%);MAFLD组患者常见的症状为腹痛、腹胀,分别为34例(43%)、32例(40.5%);PBC组患者常见的症状及并发症为乏力、纳差、黄疸、腹痛、腹胀、静脉曲张、腹水、脾大,分别为37例(52.9%)、25例(35.7%)、25例(35.7%)、18例(25.7%)、25例(35.7%)、19例(27.9%)、23例(32.9%)、44例(62.9%)。PBC合并MAFLD组的CAP值高于PBC组(P<0.05);PBC组的LSM值、APRI、FIB-4均高于MAFLD组(P值均<0.05)。将不存在多重共线性的因素纳入回归分析,以PBC组为参照组,FIB-4(OR=0.218,95%CI:0.069~0.633)、自身免疫性疾病病史(OR=0.229,95%CI:0.067~0.810)为PBC合并MAFLD的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05);以MAFLD组为参照组,ALT(OR=0.157,95%CI:0.025~1.000)、TBil(OR=0.995,95%CI:0.990~0.999)为PBC合并MAFLD的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论PBC合并MAFLD临床表现并不特异,但PBC患者的临床表现更为严重,且肝功能失代偿发生率更高。两种疾病合并不一定会加重PBC的疾病进展。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)comorbid with metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and the interaction between the two diseases.Methods A total of 187 patients who were diagnosed with PBC,MAFLD,or PBC with MAFLD in The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022 were enrolled and divided into PBC group with 70 patients,PBC+MAFLD group with 38 patients,and MAFLD group with 79 patients.Related data were collected,including general information,clinical symptoms,serological parameters,transient elastography(FibroScan),and non-invasive fibrosis markers,which were compared between the three groups.A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups,and the binary Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results There were significant differences between the three groups in sex,age,height,weight,body mass index(BMI),and history of autoimmune diseases(P<0.05).In the PBC+MAFLD group,female patients accounted for 89.5%,with a mean age of 57.26±12.72 years and a BMI of 23.35±3.70 kg/m2,and in the PBC group,the detection rate of autoimmune diseases was 25.7%(18 patients).There were significant differences between the three groups in the incidence rates of weakness,poor appetite,pruritus,jaundice,varices,ascites,and splenomegaly(all P<0.05).The PBC+MAFLD group had the common symptoms of weakness in 18 patients(47.4%),poor appetite in 15 patients(39.5%),abdominal pain in 14 patients(36.8%),and abdominal distension in 16 patients(42.1%);the MAFLD group had the common symptoms of abdominal pain in 34 patients(43%)and abdominal distension in 32 patients(40.5%);the PBC group had the common symptoms of weakness in 37 patients(52.9%),poor appetite in 25 patients(35.7%),jaundice in 25 patients(35.7%),abdominal pain in 18 patients(25.7%),abdominal distension in 25 patients(35.7%),varices in 19 patients(27.9%),ascites in 23 patients(32.9%),and splenomegaly in 44 patients(62.9%).The PBC+MAFLD group had a controlled attenuation parameter(CAP),which was higher than that of the PBC group,and the PBC group had significantly higher levels of liver stiffness measurement,aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI),and fibrosis-4(FIB-4)than the MAFLD group(all P<0.05).The factors without multicollinearity were included in the regression analysis,and with the PBC group as the reference group,FIB-4(odds ratio[OR]=0.218,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.069—0.633,P<0.05)and history of autoimmune diseases(OR=0.229,95%CI:0.067—0.810,P<0.05)were influencing factors for the onset of PBC with MAFLD;with the MAFLD group as the reference group,ALT(OR=0.157,95%CI:0.025—1.000,P<0.05)and TBil(OR=0.995,95%CI:0.990—0.999,P<0.05)were influencing factors for the onset of PBC with MAFLD.Conclusion PBC with MAFLD lacks specific clinical manifestations,and PBC patients tend to have more severe clinical manifestations and a higher incidence rate of liver function decompensation.PBC comorbid with MAFLD may not aggravate the disease progression of PBC.