刘向奏议文的论说方式、文体特征及其政治命运

The Discussion Mode and Stylistic Features of Liu Xiang's Petitions and His Political Fate

刘向的阴阳灾异理论有着明显的实用取向,一方面体现在他编著的理论著作《洪范五行传论》中,另一方面体现在其因灾言事的奏议文中。历时地考察刘向因灾言事的奏议文发展演变的轨迹及其特点,可以看出,随着时代和政治形势的变化,刘向一方面加强了说灾异的理论修养,另一方面更加注重说理论述的方式。刘向奏议因灾言事论述说理方式的转变是政治形势、刘向自身灾异理论、奏议文体本身特点等综合作用的结果。王朝末世的混乱局面、君主的不作为,以及刘向灾异观的儒学底色、刘氏宗亲的身份、自身政治素养的局限性,决定了其因灾言事的奏议在政治实践中必然失败的结局。

The Yin Yang Zại Yi theory of Liu Xiang has obvious practical orientation.The orientation is reflected in thc following aspects.On the one hand,itis reflected in Liu Xiang's theoretical monograph,Hung Fan Wu-hsing Chuan Lun.On the other hand,it is embodied in the text of his petitions It can be seen that with the changes of the times and the political situation,Liu Xiang had enriched his theory of Zai Yi and paid more attention to change the mode of his discussion.The transformation of mode is promoted by current political situation,Liu Xiang's foundational knowledge in his own Zai Yi the ory,and characteristics of petitions.Liu Xiang's failure of political practice was resulted in the following factors.The exterior reasons are that the chaotic situation in the Late Han Dynasty and the incompetent monarchs.The internal reasons are that the Confucian academic background of Liu Xiang.his royal status.and the limitation of his political literacy.