河北矮砧密植苹果园养分投入与叶片营养状况分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutrient input and leaf nutrient status in Hebei apple orchard with close-planting dwarf rootstocks

为明确河北矮砧密植苹果施肥现状及叶片营养状况,促进当地苹果产业的高质量发展,调研了太行山和燕山主产区矮砧果园肥料投入情况,并采集叶样进行营养诊断分析。结果表明:1)河北省主产区矮砧密植苹果园N、P2O5、K_(2)O养分总投入量分别为779.27、596.32、634.78 kg/hm^(2)。2)88%的矮砧果园施用有机肥,以羊粪、牛粪、猪粪等农家肥为主,并有16%的果园选择商品有机肥,其中有机肥氮、磷、钾养分分别占总养分投入的40.04%、35.49%、34.46%。3)化肥N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O平均投入量分别为401.27、345.55和375.34 kg/hm^(2),占总养分投入的59.96%、64.51%和65.54%,处于过量水平。4)果园叶片磷、钙、镁、铁、铜、锌、硼总体均处于正常水平,叶片钾处于正常偏高水平,叶片氮并未出现缺乏状况,但叶片锰处于低值范围。5)果园施肥量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关,与土壤碱解氮和有效磷呈显著正相关;土壤pH与叶片镁呈显著正相关,碱解氮与叶片镁、磷呈显著正相关;叶片钙与镁、铁与锰呈显著正相关。建议在增施有机肥的基础上,减氮控磷稳钾,补充微量元素锰。

In order to clarify the fertilization status and leaf nutrition status of apple closely planted in Hebei orchard,and promote the high-quality development of apple industry in Hebei province,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the fertilizer input status of apple orchards in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain,and leaf samples were collected for nutritional diagnosis and analysis.The results showed as follows:1)In the main apple production areas of Hebei Province,88%of the dwarf stock orchards applied organic fertilizer that was mainly farmyard fertilizers such as sheep manure,cow manure,pig manure,and 16%of the orchards chose commercial organic fertilizer in which organic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accounted for 40.04%,35.49%and 34.46%of the total nutrient input,respectively.2)The average inputs of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O were 401.27,345.55 and 375.34 kg/hm^(2) respectively,accounting for 59.96%,64.51%and 65.54%of the total nutrient inputs,which were at the excessive level.3)Leaf phosphorus,calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,zinc and boron were at normal levels.Leaf potassium was at a high normal level.Leaf nitrogen was not deficient.But leaf manganese was at a low value range.4)The amount of fertilizer applied in the orchard was negatively correlated with soil pH,and positively correlated with soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter.Soil pH was positively correlated with leaf magnesium,and alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen was positively correlated with leaf magnesium and phosphorus.There was significant positive correlation between calcium and magnesium,iron and manganese in leaves.It is suggested to reduce nitrogen fertilizer,control and stabilize phosphorus fertilizer,and supplement trace element manganese on the basis of increasing the application of organic fertilizer.