土壤重金属对地下水的危害评价方法研究——以吉林省珲春盆地为例

Evaluation method of soil heavy metal harm to groundwater:Taking Huichun basin,Jilin Province as an example

【研究目的】土壤中不断富集的重金属对地下水产生潜在危害,但以往研究缺少定量评价土壤重金属对地下水危害度的方法。【研究方法】本文以地下水循环和固液平衡理论相结合,构建了简便易用的土壤重金属进入地下水的通量模型,在评价地下水环境容量的基础上,创新提出了土壤重金属对地下水危害评价方法。【研究结果】以珲春盆地为例进行了应用,结果表明:研究区土壤重金属进入地下水通量从大到小依次为Zn、Cu、As、Pb、Cd、Ni、Hg,大部分地区地下水重金属(As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd)在10年内达不到环境容量限值,大部分乡镇土壤重金属对地下水的危害等级在中度及以下级别。【结论】通过该评价方法能够简单快捷的定量计算土壤重金属进入地下水的通量,判定地下水重金属剩余容量,评价土壤重金属对地下水的危害状况,为相关部门开展土壤及地下水的环境保护提供支撑,为相关学者开展类似研究提供借鉴。

This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.Objective The continuous accumulation of heavy metals in soil has potential harm to groundwater,but there is no quantitative method to evaluate the harm of heavy metals in soil to groundwater in previous studies.Methods Based on the theory of groundwater circulation and solid−liquid equilibrium,a simple and easy−to−−use flux model of soil heavy metals into groundwater is constructed in this paper.On the basis of evaluating groundwater environmental capacity,an innovative method for evaluating the harm of soil heavy metals to groundwater is proposed.Results The application was carried out in Hunchun Basin as an example,and the results showed that the fluxes of soil heavy metals into groundwater in the study area were Zn,Cu,As,Pb,Cd,Ni,and Hg in descending order,and that the heavy metals of the groundwater in most of the areas could not reach the limit of the environmental capacity within 10 years,and the damage level in most towns and villages to groundwater was moderate or below.Conclusions Through this evaluation method,the flux of heavy metals in soil into groundwater can be calculated simply and quickly,the residual capacity of heavy metals in groundwater can be determined,and the harm of heavy metals in soil to groundwater can be evaluated,which provides support for relevant departments to carry out environmental protection of soil and groundwater,and provides reference for relevant scholars to carry out similar research.