宁波市老年人跌倒的影响因素分析

Factors affecting fall incidence among the elderly in Ningbo City

目的了解浙江省宁波市老年人跌倒发生情况及影响因素,为制定老年人群跌倒防制策略提供参考。方法于2022年6—10月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取浙江省宁波市海曙区和余姚市≥60岁老年人为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学信息、过去1年跌倒发生情况、疾病史和自评健康状况等资料;分析老年人跌倒发生率,按性别和年龄分层采用多因素logistic回归模型分析跌倒的影响因素。结果调查1275人,其中男性635人,女性640人;年龄M(QR)为72.00(13.00)岁。过去1年发生跌倒158人,跌倒发生率为12.39%;其中发生2次及以上跌倒14人,占8.86%。女性跌倒发生率为14.69%,高于男性的10.08%;>70岁老年人跌倒发生率为14.86%,高于60~70岁的9.39%(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度(小学及以上,OR=0.501,95%CI:0.301~0.836)、心脏病(有,OR=1.996,95%CI:1.076~3.703)和自评健康状况(好,OR=0.529,95%CI:0.319~0.875)是老年女性跌倒的影响因素;文化程度(小学及以上,OR=0.514,95%CI:0.285~0.928)和自评健康状况(好,OR=0.456,95%CI:0.253~0.824)是60~70岁老年人跌倒的影响因素。结论老年人跌倒风险与性别、年龄、心脏病、文化程度及自评健康状况有关,不同性别和年龄老年人跌倒的影响因素不同。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide the basis for developing effective prevention strategies.Methods The residents aged 60 years and above in Haishu District and Yuyao City of Ningbo City were selected by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method from June to October 2022.Demographic information,fall incidence in the past year,history of disease and self-rated health were collected through questionnaire surveys.Incidence of falls was descriptively analyzed,and factors affecting falls were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model stratified by gender and age.Results A total of 1275 elderly people were surveyed,including 635 men and 640 women.The median age was 72.00(interquartile range,13.00)years.In the past year,158 residents fell,accounting for 12.39%.Additionally,14 individuals experienced two or more falls,accounting for 8.86%.The incidence of falls was 14.69%in women,which was higher than the 10.08%in men(P<0.05).The incidence of falls was 14.86%in the elderly over 70 years,which was higher than the 9.39%in those aged 60 to 70 years(P<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression showed that the educational level(primary school and above,OR=0.501,95%CI:0.301-0.836),heart disease(present,OR=1.996,95%CI:1.076-3.703),and self-rated health status(good,OR=0.529,95%CI:0.319-0.875)were factors affecting falls in women;educational level(primary school and above,OR=0.514,95%CI:0.285-0.928)and self-rated health status(good,OR=0.456,95%CI:0.253-0.824)were factors affecting falls in residents aged 60 to 70 years.Conclusion Fall risk among the elderly is associated with gender,age,heart disease,educational level and self-rated health status,and the influencing factors for falls vary in different genders and ages.