高速铁路多列车客票预分与通售策略协同优化

Collaborative Optimization of Multi-train Ticket Pre-assignment and OD-shared Ticket Selling Strategy for High-speed Railways

在客票预分方案中设置通售票能使分配票额有效适应售票过程中动态变化的购票需求,但也容易出现通售票过早肢解,从而导致后续长途OD对旅客购票失败、通售票无法充分利用。为避免此情况出现以进一步提高通售票的利用率,考虑通售票销售策略与铁路客票预分方案的协同优化问题,实现由OD固定票、通售票构成的客票预分方案与通售票发售策略(以下简称“通售策略”)的协同优化。首先,基于旅客随机购票需求描述、旅客购票列车选择分析,构建铁路客票预分方案与通售策略协同优化模型,以客票总收益最大化为目标,考虑列车席位能力、列车服务、客票量上下限以及通售发售策略等约束;其次,在生成多套购票需求样本的基础上,结合旅客出行购票过程的仿真,设计模型求解的粒子群算法。算例结果表明对比不考虑通售策略的客票预分方案,本文优化方法能使列车平均客座率提高4.96%、列车客票总收益提高2.74%,充分验证了引入通售策略能有效实现客票的灵活与充分利用。

The train ticket pre-assignment scheme with OD-shared ticket can effectively adapt to the stochastic demand in the ticket sale process.However,the premature dismemberment of OD-shared tickets easily leads to failure of long-distance OD(Origin-Destination)passengers to purchase ticket,and inability to fully use the tickets.In order to avoid this situation and further improve the utilization of OD-shared tickets,this paper realized the collaborative optimization of the pre-assignment scheme of tickets(including OD tickets and OD-shared tickets)and the selling strategy of OD-shared tickets for high-speed railway trains.Firstly,based on the description of stochastic passenger ticket demand and the analysis of their train-choices,the collaborative optimization model of multi-train ticket pre-assignment and OD-shared ticket selling strategy was established,with the objective to maximize the total ticket revenue under stochastic demand,and to satisfy the constraints of train seat capacity,train services,the upper and lower limits of ticket quantity,and OD-shared ticket selling strategy.Secondly,on the basis of generating several passenger demand samples,the model was solved by particle swarm algorithm combining with the simulation of passenger ticket purchasing process.The results show that the optimization method proposed in this paper can increase train occupancy rate by 4.96%,and increase ticket revenue by 2.74%compared to ticket pre-assignment scheme without considering OD-shared ticket selling strategy,verifying the introduction of OD-shared ticket selling strategy can achieve flexible and full utilization of train tickets under different demand levels.