妨害兴奋剂管理罪的刑法问题研究

Study on the Criminal Law Issues of the Offense of Obstructing Doping Control

我国《刑法修正案(十一)》增设妨害兴奋剂管理罪,不仅符合涉兴奋剂行为入罪的国际趋势,也弥补了长期以来我国反兴奋剂法律规制体系的漏洞,有力保障了国家体育事业的发展,因而具有合理性与必要性。本罪所保护的法益为复合法益,即首先为国家对兴奋剂的管理秩序和公平公正的体育竞争秩序,其次为运动员的身心健康。根据法条规定和行为性质,本罪的客观行为包括“诱使型”“帮助型”“支配型”三种类型,但不包括“运动员使用型”行为;其行为主体为一般主体,即仅为自然人而不包含单位;其行为对象限于国家登记注册并进行管理、能够参加国内国际重大体育竞赛的专业竞技运动员;其适用场域为全国性和国际性竞技体育竞赛。

The addition of the offense of obstructing doping control to The Criminal Law Amendment(XI)is not only in line with the international trend of the crime of doping related acts,but also makes up for the loopholes of China's anti-doping legal regulation system for a long time,and effectively guarantees the development of national sports,so it is reasonable and necessary.The legal interests protected by this crime are compound,that is,first of all,the state's administrative order of doping and the fair and just order of sports competition,and secondly,the physical and mental health of athletes.According to the provisions of the law and the nature of the behavior,the objective behavior of this crime includes three types:"inducing""helping"and"dominating",but does not include"athletes use"behavior;the subject of its behavior is a general subject,that is,it is only a natural person and does not include units;the object of its conduct is limited to professional competitive athletes registered and managed by the state and able to participate in major domestic and international sports competitions;its applicable field is national and international competitive sports competition.