几种土壤封闭处理除草剂对大豆-玉米带状复合种植田杂草防效及安全性的影响

Control Effect of Several Pre-Emergent Herbicides on Weeds and Their Selectivity in Soybean-Corn Belt Composite Planting Fields

为了探明大豆-玉米带状复合种植模式下的有效化学除草技术,采用室内生测结合田间试验,通过土壤喷雾处理方法,调查除草剂720 g/L异丙甲草胺乳油、70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂、75%噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂、80%唑嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂、41%氟噻草胺悬浮剂对大豆、玉米的安全性以及在田间的杂草防除效果。结果显示,唑嘧磺草胺、噻吩磺隆、嗪草酮与氟噻草胺、异丙甲草胺两两混用后,田间杂草药后30 d防效达87%以上,药后45 d防效达93%以上,持效期也相对较长。受环境影响,5种除草剂虽在室内试验表现出一定抑制作用,但田间各单剂混用后与对照的表现相差不大,说明对大豆、玉米安全。综上,异丙甲草胺、嗪草酮、噻吩磺隆、唑嘧磺草胺、氟噻草胺单用或混用,可在大豆-玉米带状复合种植田块中于大豆、玉米播种后1~2 d内进行土壤喷雾处理防除杂草。

In this work,the several pre-emergent herbicides were metolachlor 720 g/L EC,metribuzin 70%WP,thifensulfuron-methyl 75%WG,flumetsulam 80%WG and flufenacet 41%SC,which were designed to single or one-to-one mixture all sprayed in soybean-corn belt composite planting fields.And the one-to-one mixture was that one herbicides of flumetsulam,thifensulfuron-methy and metolachlor mixed with one of flufenacet and metolachlor.This study aimed to explore the chemical weed control measures in composite planting fields.Therefore,we carried out pot experiment via bioassay method and fiel trail,and then relized effect of the several pre-emergent herbicides on weeds and their selectivity to soybean and corn.The results showed that these one-to-one mixtures were not only had a relatively long duration,but also their control effects were more than 87% after 30 days and more than 93% after 45 days in fields.These five herbicides had a certain inhibiton in laboratory duing to the environment,but there was no significant difference between the 5 herbicides and the control in fields,indicating that they were selectivity to soybean and corn.In summary,the single or one-to-one mixtures of metolachlor,metribuzin,thifensulfuron-methy,flumetsulam and flufenacet as pre-emergent herbiciders could be sprayed 1-2 days after sowing in soybean-corn belt composite planting fields.