围绝经期及绝经后女性睡眠障碍相关风险因素及治疗研究进展

The Research Progress on Related Risk Factors and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

睡眠障碍是指睡眠量的异常、质的异常或在睡眠时发生某些临床症状,严重影响人体功能及健康。睡眠障碍的发病与年龄呈正相关,由于绝经综合征、代谢相关疾病而高发,女性围绝经期通常是女性睡眠障碍发生的转折点。围绝经期及绝经后睡眠障碍主要表现为入睡困难和睡眠维持障碍、日间功能障碍,严重情况下出现焦虑、抑郁情绪。根据相关风险因素对症治疗,缓解绝经相关症状,改善睡眠质量,增加有效睡眠时间,恢复社会功能,提高生活质量,是治疗围绝经期睡眠障碍的目标。围绝经期及绝经后睡眠障碍的治疗措施包括非药物治疗(睡眠卫生教育、失眠认知行为疗法)和药物治疗(绝经激素治疗、精神类及镇静催眠药、褪黑素、中医中药等)。综述围绝经期及绝经后女性睡眠障碍相关风险因素及诊断治疗研究进展。

Sleep disorder refers to abnormal sleep quantity,quality or some clinical symptoms occur during sleep,which seriously affects human function and health.The incidence of sleep disorders is positively correlated with age,and perimenopause in women is usually the turning point of female sleep due to the high incidence of menopause syndrome and metabolic related diseases.Sleep disorders in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are characterized by difficulties in falling asleep,sleep maintenance disorders,daytime dysfunction,and anxiety and depression in severe cases.According to the related risk factors,symptomatic treatment,alleviate menopause-related symptoms,improve sleep quality,increase effective sleep time,restore social function,and improve the quality of life are the goals of the treating of perimenopausal sleep disorders.Therapeutic measures for perimenopausal and postmenopausal sleep disorders include non-drug therapy( sleep hygiene education,cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia) and pharmacological therapy(menopausel hormone therapy,psychotropic and sedative hypnotic drugs,melatonin,traditional Chinese medicine,etc.).This article reviews the research progress on the risk factors and diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.