社区老年人咀嚼功能现状及影响因素研究

Status of chewing ability and its influencing factors among community-dwelling older adults

目的了解社区老年人咀嚼功能现状并探讨其影响因素。方法采用简单抽样法,于2022年11月-2023年1月选取成都市中心5城区中2个区域的社区老年人258名,采用自制的一般资料调查表(一般资料情况、自然牙齿数、咀嚼功能、握力情况)进行调查。结果41名(15.9%)社区老年人存在咀嚼功能下降。logistic回归分析显示:性别(OR=0.117,95%CI为0.041~0.333,P<0.001)、文化程度(OR=0.385,95%CI为0.225~0.659,P=0.001)、自然牙齿数(OR=6.427,95%CI为2.461~16.787,P<0.001)是社区老年人咀嚼功能的影响因素。结论文化程度越低、自然牙齿数<20颗的社区男性老年人更易发生咀嚼功能下降。提示初级卫生服务机构及医护人员应积极开展咀嚼功能相关筛查项目,早发现早处理,帮助社区老年人预防咀嚼功能下降,维持和重建正常的咀嚼功能。

Objective To investigate the status of chewing ability among community-dwelling older adults and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 258 elderly people from 2 communities of 5 urban districts in the central part of Chengdu from November 2022 to January 2023 were investigated by simple sampling method was selected by a simple sampling method,and were investigated by the general information questionnaire(general information,number of natural teeth,masticatory function,and grip strength).Results Forty-one(15.9%)elderly people in these communities were in poor chewing ability.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=0.117,95%CI was 0.041-0.333,P<0.001),education level(OR=0.385,95%CI was 0.225-0.659,P=0.001),and the number of natural teeth(OR=6.427,95%CI was 2.461-16.787,P<0.001)were the factors that affected the chewing ability of the elderly in communities.Conclusion Male older adults with lower education level and less than 20 natural teeth are more likely to have poor chewing ability.Primary health service institutions and medical personnel should actively carry out the screening programs related to chewing ability,to get early detection and early treatment,and to help the elderly in the community to prevent the decline of chewing ability,and maintain and rebuild normal chewing ability.