布罗代尔的资本主义百年周期论与新时代马克思主义世界体系理论的构建

Braudel's Theory of the Century-long Cycle of Capitalism and the Construction of Marx's World-system Theory in the New Era

作为法国年鉴史学派的一个重要代表人物,布罗代尔在充分借鉴马克思主义政治经济学相关理论资源的基础上,创建了一个资本主义世界体系演化发展的结构化模型,该模型将具有垄断性、投机性和寄生性的金融垄断资本与自由竞争的中小工商业资本区分开来,并将金融垄断资本指认为支配资本主义世界体系演化发展的主导力量。在此基础上,布罗代尔阐述了资本主义世界体系中心不断转移的规律,分析了中心国家与边缘国家在世界体系中的分化,并提出了资本主义世界体系发展演化的“百年周期论”。布罗代尔的上述理论横跨政治经济学与世界历史两个学科,与马克思主义存在大量的对话空间。深入研究这种对话对于我们构建新时代马克思主义世界体系理论,尤其是理解今天美国主导的资本主义世界体系的演化趋势以及中国特色社会主义在世界历史进程中的具体方位,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。由于受到结构主义方法论的制约,布罗代尔的理论也存在诸多缺陷,这一点也需要深入批判,引以为鉴。

As an important representative of the French school of historical thought,the Annales,Braudel creates a structural model of the evolution and development of the capitalist world system,drawing inspiration from the relevant theoretical resources of Marxist political economy.This model distinguishes financial monopoly capital,which is monopolistic,speculative and parasitic,from small and medium-sized industrial and commercial capital with free competition,and recognizes the former as the dominant force determining the evolution and development of the capitalist world system.On this basis,Braudel expounds the law of the continuous shift of the focus of the capitalist world system,analyzes the differentiation between the core countries and the peripheral countries in the world system,and proposes the theory of the century-long cycle explaining the development and evolution of the capitalist world system.Braudel's theory straddles the two disciplines of political economy and world history,which leaves plenty of room for dialogue with Marxism.An in-depth investigation of this dialogue is of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of the Marxist theory of the world system in the new era,especially to the understanding of the evolutionary trend of the US-dominated capitalist world system as well as the specific position of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the process of world history.Due to the constraints of structuralist methodology,Braudel's theory also has flaws,which requires critical reflection and drawing lessons from it.