基于Pathfinder和虚拟现实的民用机库应急疏散仿真

Emergency Evacuation Simulation of Civil Hangar Based on Pathfinder and Virtual Reality

为了预防机库火灾严重威胁人们的生命安全,且为火灾疏散研究提供更好的实验平台,基于Pathfinder建立大型民用机库的疏散仿真模型,根据真实人体参数设置人员性别、身高、肩宽、移动速度等属性,通过计算机模拟得出人员疏散路径和疏散时间,并参照Pathfinder模拟结果选用Unity3D引擎进行虚拟现实环境搭建、交互设计和Agent模型的构建,开发机库虚拟现实应急疏散仿真系统。在群体疏散模拟子模块中模拟8种不同起火位置的疏散情况,并在单人疏散演练子模块中,邀请10位测试者,在机库虚拟环境中选取6个不同的初始位置,进行了5轮疏散测试,结果表明:虚拟现实环境中的模拟结果与Pathfinder模拟结果接近,验证了虚拟现实疏散仿真系统模拟的有效性;单人疏散演练中测试者经过2~3轮练习,疏散时间明显缩短并趋于稳定,验证虚拟现实疏散演练系统可帮助用户提升应急疏散能力。

To prevent the hangar fire from seriously threatening peoples life safety and provide a better experimental platform for fire evacuation research,an evacuation simulation model of a large civil hangar based on Pathfinder was establishesd.According to the real human body parameters,the attributes of gender,height,shoulder width,and moving speed are set,and the evacuation path and evacuation time are obtained by computer simulation.According to the simulation results of Pathfinder,the Unity3D engine was used to build the virtual reality environment,interactive design,and Agent model,and the virtual reality emergency evacuation simulation system of the hangar was developed.In the group evacuation simulation sub-module,the evacuation of 8 different fire locations was simulated.In the single evacuation exercise sub-module,10 testers were invited to select 6 different initial positions in the hangar virtual environment,and 5 rounds of evacuation tests were carried out.The results show that the simulation results in the virtual reality environment are close to the Pathfinder simulation results,which verifies the effectiveness of the virtual reality evacuation simulation system.After two to three rounds of practice,the evacuation time of the tester in the single evacuation drill is shortened and tends to be stable.It is verified that the virtual reality evacuation drill system can help users improve their emergency evacuation ability.