老年人身体活动对上下肢肌力退行性变化的影响研究

The influence of physical activity on the degenerative changes in muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs in elderly individuals

目的探索自然人群中老年人身体活动对上下肢肌力退行性变化的作用。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)2015年数据集,使用握力、坐立试验、国际身体活动量表(international physical activity questionnaire,IPAQ)测量老年人的上肢肌力、下肢肌力、身体活动水平,并采用多重线性回归分析探索身体活动水平对老年人上下肢肌力退行性变化的中介作用/调节作用。结果本研究纳入≥60岁老年人2808人,男性1446人(51.50%),女性1362人(48.50%)。低水平身体活动者658人(23.43%)。身体活动可以减弱年龄对上下肢肌力的退行性变化的影响,发挥部分中介作用,中介效应占比分别为4.55%(95%CI:2.31%~7.00%,P<0.001)、6.90%(95%CI:4.48%~10.00%,P<0.001)。身体活动在上肢肌力退行性变化中未发挥调节作用(年龄×身体活动水平:β=0.421,P>0.05),但在下肢肌力退行性变化中发挥着调节作用(年龄×身体活动水平:β=-0.375,P<0.01)。结论身体活动部分介导年龄所造成的上下肢肌力退行性变化,高水平身体活动可缓解下肢肌力退行性变化程度。

Objective This study seeks to investigate the impact of physical activity on degenerative changes in the upper and lower limbs of older adults.Methods Based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study(CHARLS)2015 dataset.The upper and lower limb muscle strength and physical activity were measured in older adults with grip strength,sit-to-stand test,and international physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ).The multivariate linear regression analyses are used to explore the mediating and moderating effects of physical activity on degenerative changes in muscle strength.Results A total of 2808 individuals aged 60 years and above were included in this study,1446(51.50%)were males and 1362(48.50%)were females.A total of 658 individuals(23.43%)were identified as having insufficient physical activity.Physical activity attenuated the degenerative changes in upper and lower limb muscle strength,playing a partially mediating role,with mediating effects accounting for 4.55%(95%CI:2.31%-7.00%,P<0.001),and 6.90%(95%CI:4.48%-10.00%,P<0.001)of the effect,respectively.Physical activity failed to moderate degenerative changes in upper limb muscle strength(age×physical activity:β=0.421,P>0.05)but moderated degenerative changes in lower limb muscle strength(age×physical activity:β=-0.375,P<0.01).Conclusions Physical activity partially mediates age-induced degenerative changes in upper and lower limb muscle strength and high levels of physical activity mitigate the process of degenerative changes in lower limb muscle strength.