刑事裁判中法律学说的运用困境及其解决路径

The Application Dilemma and Solution of the Legal Doctrine in Criminal Adjudication

刑事案件裁判说理难题为法律学说的司法适用提供了契机。合理运用法律学说既有助于强化刑事裁判文书的说理,也有利于法律学说的创新发展。但目前法律学说在刑事裁判中存在不被法官重视、援引的必要性和关联性不足、援引的规范性标准不清等困境,还潜藏着论证不周延、引发同案不同判、造成裁判说理对象错位等风险。为此,有必要探明刑事裁判中运用法律学说的困局之因与正当性所在,进而系统构建其具体运用机制:一是法律学说的司法适用应当遵从必要性、关联性、合理性三项基本原则;二是明确法律学说在刑事裁判中的运用条件、程序、方式等制度标准;三是通过援引法学通说、借鉴法律评注机制、创新运用法律学说、发布指导性案例等方式,全面拓宽法律学说与刑事裁判的沟通机制。未来,法律学说与刑事司法实践需进一步加强沟通互动,法律学说需要更加聚焦于司法现实问题,并将学术创新成果及时投入司法实践予以检验;司法实践也要更加倚重法律学说的论证支撑,并实质性助推法律学说创新发展。

The difficulty of reasoning in criminal adjudication is supposed to provide an opportunity for the application of the legal doctrine in criminal sentencing.The reasonable application of the legal doctrine could not only help to strengthen the reasoning of criminal adjudication,but also facilitate the innovative development of the legal doctrine.However,there are currently dilemmas in the use of the legal doctrine in criminal adjudication,such as not being favored by judges,insufficient necessity and relevance for citation,unclear normative standards for citation,and potential risks such as incomplete argumentation,inconsistent judgments in similar cases,and misplacement of reasoning objects in adjudication reasoning.Therefore,it seems to be necessary to clarify the causes of the dilemmas and the legitimacy of using the legal doctrine in criminal adjudication,and then systematically construct a specific application mechanism.First,the judicial application of the legal doctrine should follow such basic principles as necessity,relevance,and rationality.Second,clarify the conditions,procedures,and methods for the use of the legal doctrine in criminal adjudication.Third,comprehensively expand the communication mechanism between the legal doctrine and criminal adjudication by citing authoritative legal doctrines,drawing on legal commentary mechanisms,innovating the application of legal doctrines,and issuing guiding cases.In the future,the legal doctrine and criminal judicial practice need to further strengthen communication and interaction.The legal doctrine needs to focus more on practical judicial issues and put academic innovation achievements into judicial practice for verification;at the same time,judicial practice also needs to rely more on the argumentation support of the legal doctrine and substantively promote the innovation and development of it.