家庭教养实践选择与多代教育传递——基于布迪厄社会实践理论的视角

Parenting Practice Selection and Multigenerational Education Transmission:From the Perspective of Bourdieu's Social Practice Theory

现有关于家庭教养实践的两代研究范式可能忽视了对教育代际传递的持续性影响。文章将家庭教养实践纳入多代教育传递框架中,借用布迪厄社会实践理论中场域、惯习、资本的概念进行解读,并分析其对青少年能力获得的影响。文章利用中国家庭追踪调查数据构建“父-母”双系的“祖-父-孙”三代成员关系进行统计分析,研究发现直接体现教养惯习的家庭内部教养行为是教育流动的结果,仅与父代教育成就相关;然而在惯习之外,受经济资本约束的家校之外的培养策略还受到父系祖代教育成就的直接影响,进而维系了教育优势的多代再生产。研究结论表明,依赖经济资本的家庭教养实践成为父系家族教育优势多代延续的直接途径,对青少年成长发展的研究需要关注祖代尤其是父系祖代的影响。

The existing paradigm of two-generation family parenting practice may overlook its continuous impact on the intergenerational transmission of education.In this paper,family parenting practice is incorporated into the framework of multigenerational education transmission,while the concepts of field,habitus,and capital are borrowed from Bourdieu's social practice theory to interpret and analyze their impacts on the acquisition of adolescents'ability.Using CFPS data to construct a two-line relationship of grandparents-parents-grandchild and run a statistical analysis,we find that the parenting behavior within the family,directly reflecting parenting habits,is a result of educational mobility,which is only related to the educational achievement of the parents.However,beyond habitus,the cultivating strategy outside family and school,restricted by economic capital,is also independently influenced by paternal grandparents'educational achievements,thus maintaining the multi-generation reproduction of educational advantages.The findings indicate that family parenting practice dependent on economic capital has become a direct way of the multigenerational continuation of paternal lineage.Research on the development of adolescents needs to focus on the influence of grandparents,especially paternal grandparents.