数字经济下互联网使用能否缓解过度教育的收入惩罚?

Can Internet Use Mitigate the Income Penalty of Overeducation in the Digital Economy?

从互联网使用视角探究缓解过度教育的收入惩罚问题,是数字经济时代提高劳动力市场效率的新思路。文章使用2014~2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,探讨互联网使用对劳动者的过度教育风险及其收入惩罚的缓解效应,并分析了其作用机制。研究发现,互联网使用有助于降低过度教育的发生风险(即“数量效应”),对过度教育者而言,互联网使用有助于增加其收入(即“收入效应”),由此缓解劳动者的过度教育风险及其收入惩罚。细分研究显示,使用互联网进行工作、学习和社交活动均有助于降低过度教育风险,并缓解过度教育者的收入惩罚。异质性分析表明,互联网使用显著降低了非垄断行业劳动者的过度教育风险,对女性和农村户口过度教育劳动者的收入惩罚缓解效应更大。据此,文章建议充分利用数字经济发展契机,通过互联网赋能提升劳动者数字技能,促进更高质量的充分就业。

Exploring the use of the internet to mitigate the income penalty of overeducation offers a new perspective for enhancing labor market efficiency in the digital economy era.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2014 to 2018,this paper investigates the impact of internet use on workers'risk of overeducation and its mitigating effect on income penalties,and analyzes the underlying mechanisms.The study finds that internet use helps reduce the risk of overeducation(the"quantity effect")and increases the income of overeducated workers(the"income effect"),thus mitigating the risk and income penalty associated with overeducation.Detailed research shows that using the internet for work,learning,and social activities all contribute to reducing overeducation risk and mitigating the income penalty for overeducated workers.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that internet use significantly reduces the risk of overeducation in non-monopoly industries and has a greater effect on mitigating the income penalty for overeducated female and rural hukou workers.Based on these findings,the paper suggests leveraging the opportunities provided by the digital economy to enhance workers'digital skills through internet empowerment,promoting higher-quality and fuller employment.