教育法典编纂中刑事责任条款的体系化构建

Systematization of Criminal Provisions in the Compilation of the Education Code

在教育法典的编纂中,无论最终采用何种形式,对教育法刑事责任进行体系化构建是必须完成的任务。我国教育法刑事责任条款数量众多、涵盖犯罪类型广泛,但是存在法益保护不平衡、犯罪圈划定标准不统一、排列体系混乱、与其他部门法衔接不畅等问题,叠加刑法自身在教育领域立法的不足,使得教育法刑事责任还达不到体系化的要求。德国教育法刑事责任体系在法益保障、立法模式等方面对我国有一定的借鉴意义。我国教育法刑事责任的体系化构建要兼备实质与形式。实质上要有统一的立法起点和价值基础,明确保障公民受教育权的根本地位,以此为基础将刑法对基本权利的保障转化为教育双层法益,构建实质上的刑事法网;形式上需要综合使用多元立法模式,处理好教育法典与教育单行法、刑法典与教育法典、教育法典刑事责任部分与其他章节之间的关系。

In the compilation of the Education Code,no matter what form is finally adopted,the systematic construction of criminal liability of education law is a task that must be accomplished.There are a large number of criminal provisions in China's education law,covering a wide range of offences,but there are problems such as unbalanced protection of legal interests,inconsistent standards of delimitation of the criminal circle,chaotic arrangement of the system,and poor connection with other department of laws,coupled with the deficiencies of the criminal law itself in the field of education,have rendered the criminal liability of the education law unable to reach the requirements of systematization.Germany's system of criminal liability in education law has certain significance for China,such as in the protection of legal interests and the legislative model.China's criminal liability in education law should be systematically constructed in terms of both substance and form.Substantively,on the basis of a unified legislative starting point and value,the fundamental status of safeguarding citizens'right to education should be clarified,and the safeguard of basic rights under criminal law should be transformed into a two-tiered legal interest in education,so as to build a substantive criminal law network.Formally,it is necessary to make comprehensive use of the diversified legislative model,and to sort out the relationship between the Education Code and the Education Single Law,the Penal Code and the Education Code,as well as the part of the criminal liability section of the Education Code and the other chapters.