高坝枢纽移动式尾水集鱼方案设计及试验研究

Scheme design and experimental study of mobile tail water fish collection scheme in high dams

为减缓水电工程建设对鱼类洄游的阻隔影响,高效安全的过鱼设施是恢复鱼类洄游通道的重要工程措施,尤其高水头水电工程过鱼设施建设是当前生态保护的技术难点。首先通过模型试验和数值模拟计算,对乌东德水电站坝下水流条件进行了研究,再结合鱼类洄游路线及其坝下分布预测,提出了一种新型的移动式尾水集鱼箱,并利用电站尾水的诱鱼效果进行集鱼。试验研究表明:根据电站运行情况开展集鱼工作可实现“多点位、全深度、大流量”集鱼,作为辅助集鱼设施,创新方案能够提升集运鱼系统的集鱼效率。研究成果可为高坝枢纽过鱼设施建设及已建工程增建过鱼设施提供技术参考。

In order to alleviate the barrier effect of hydropower project construction on fish migration,efficient and safe fish passage facilities are important engineering measures to restore fish migration channels.In particular,the construction of fish passage facilities for high-head hydropower projects is the technical difficulty of current ecological protection.Firstly,through model test and numerical simulation,the flow conditions under the dam of Wudongde Hydropower Station were studied.Combined with the prediction on fish migration route and its distribution under the dam,a new type of mobile tail water fish tank was proposed,which utilizes the fish trapping effect of the tail water from power stations to collect fish.The test results showed that the fish collection work can be carried out according to the operation of the power station to achieve multi-point,full depth and large flow fish collection.As an auxiliary fish collection facility,the new scheme can improve the fish collection efficiency.The research results can provide technical reference for the construction of fish passage facilities in new high dam hubs and existing projects.