哈萨克斯坦教育行政机构改革及教育发展规划执行成效

Reform of educational administration and effectiveness of the implementation of educational development programmes in Kazakhstan

哈萨克斯坦自独立后经历了30多年的发展历程,教育领域也逐渐从被动延续苏联传统过渡到自主探索发展道路的阶段。尤其是托卡耶夫任总统以来,针对教育领域的改革日益深入,伴随建设“新哈萨克斯坦”和“倾听型国家”的理念,哈萨克斯坦从中央到地方的教育行政机构设置均得以完善。在推行每五年一次的国家教育发展规划过程中,各教育阶段的发展状况均受到不同层面的重视。目前,得益于政府和教育主管部门的各项举措,学前教育、基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和研究生教育等各领域的发展困境均得到了不同程度的解决。尽管如此,国家的整体教育水平仍存在较大的提升空间,未来面临的各种挑战对哈萨克斯坦的教育行政制度将是巨大考验。

During over 30 years of development that Kazakhstan has experienced since its independence,the education sector has gradually transformed from a passive continuation of the Soviet tradition to one that independently explores its path.Especially since Tokayev became president,reforms in education have become more and more intensive.Under the guidance of notions of building a“new Kazakhstan”and a“listening state”,the structure of educational administrative institutions from the central to the local level has all been improved.While implementing the five-year state programme for education development,attention has been given to the development of all stages of education.At present,thanks to the initiatives taken by the government and education authorities,the difficulties in the development of pre-school education,basic education,vocational and technical education,higher education and postgraduate education have all been resolved to varying degrees.Nevertheless,there is still much room for improvement in the overall level of education in the country,and the challenges ahead will be a great test for Kazakhstan’s educational administration system.