髓鞘再生的抑制因素和促进髓鞘再生策略的研究进展

Research Progress of the Inhibitory Factors for Myelin Regeneration and Strategies to Promote Myelin Regeneration

在多发性硬化(MS)等脱髓鞘性疾病中,髓鞘的损伤与再生过程扮演至关重要的角色。少突胶质细胞(OLs)和少突胶质细胞前体细胞(OPCs)是这一过程的核心,它们负责新髓鞘的形成与损伤后的修复。髓鞘碎片的及时清除对于髓鞘再生至关重要,胶质细胞的功能调节在这一过程中起着中心作用。富含亮氨酸重复序列和免疫球蛋白结构域的Nogo受体相互作用蛋白-1的抑制,以及芬戈莫德等药物的应用可以显著促进髓鞘的修复和再生。此外,靶向药物和分子疗法的开发可直接影响OLs和OPCs的功能,从而有效促进髓鞘的修复和再生。未来MS综合治疗体系(包括药物疗法、基因编辑技术及干细胞技术)的应用,可从多个层面干预和修复髓鞘损伤,为患者提供更为个性化和有效的治疗方案。

In demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS),myelin damage and regenerative processes play crucial roles.Oligodendrocytes(OLs)and oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)are central to the process,which are responsible for the formation of new myelin sheaths and repair after injury.Timely removal of myelin debris is critical for remyelination,and the functional regulation of glial cells plays a central role in this process.The inhibition of leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing Nogo receptor-interacting protein-1,and the application of drugs such as Fingolimod can significantly promote myelin repair and regeneration.Moreover,the development of targeted drugs and molecular therapies effectively promotes the repair and regeneration of the myelin sheath by directly affecting the function of OLs and OPCs.The application of comprehensive MS treatment system(including drug therapy,gene editing technology,and stem cell technology)in the future can intervene and repair myelin sheath injury from multiple levels,providing the patients with more individualized and effective treatment plans.